NICOTINE SULPHATE (CAP: 400 KG/DAY)
[CODE NO.3953]
It needs to be well noted that nicotine sulphate is a stimulatory alkaloid that is found in tobacco products . When consumption of nicotine is withdrawn, the symptoms crop up and it often is known to aid in smoking cessation. Nicotine sulphate is a highly toxic alkaloid. The consumption of nicotine sulphate dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately is known to lock synaptic transmission. At a medical level, nicotine is important because of its presence in tobacco smoke. Nicotine is known to exert two kinds of effects – a stimulant effect in the limbic system as well a at a neurological level.
When nicotine is administered at an intravenous level, it leads to release of acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, vasopressin, beta-endorphin, ACTH and norepinephrine. It needs to be understood well that nicotine is a highly addictive substance and is known to induce elevated blood pressure, tachycardia as well as peripheral vasoconstriction. Nicotine patches and inhalers are used to treat smoking withdrawal syndrome. The use of nicotine sulphate acts as a stimulant of autonomic ganglia.
When nicotine sulphate is absorbed, its absorption is through the buccal mucosa which is relatively slow as well as high Mostly, the health experts feel that 10% of the nicotine is absorbed and excreted unchanged in the urine. The over consumption of nicotine sulphate leads to symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, disturbed hearing, palpitations, confusion, altered respiration, hypotension and much more.
Nicotine sulphate is actually an insecticide of plant origin. The use of nicotine sulphate is very effective against a wide range of insect pests that affect the crops of economic importance as well as ectoparasites affecting livestock. At a chemical composition level, nicotine sulphate contains alkaloid, vegetable oils, tar, water and various other ingredients. It is known that nicotine sulphate acts upon the central nervous system of the insects. It has fumigation action as well as contact action.
The use of nicotine sulphate is for a variety of purposes. It is used to kill leafhoppers, aphids, bugs, worms and similar sucking insects which otherwise are known to attack flowers, fruits, vegetables, crops, and many other agricultural crops. Its use is also effective against ticks, lice, mites and other livestock. Nicotine sulphate is highly bio-degradable and does not leave any objectionable residue on market produce. It is considered to be a very safe pesticide. The use of nicotine sulphate can affect you when breathed in by passing through the skin. It needs to be well noted that nicotine sulphate needs to be handled well with extreme caution. Its contact can irritate and burn the skin and eyes.
The use of nicotine sulphate can lead to nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and other side effects. Extreme high exposure to nicotine sulphate can lead to tremors, convulsions, restlessness, confusion, seizures, dizziness, headache and much more. It can be used as a fumigant, insecticide as well as in medication for animals. The use of nicotine sulphate can be a teratogen in humans. The use of nicotine sulphate can have chronic health effects, cancer hazards as well as reproductive hazards.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 40 KG./Day
Land & Building (1500 sq.mt.) Rs. 75 Lac
Plant & Machinery Rs. 25 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 99 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 2.03 Cr
Rate of Return 47%
Break Even Point 42%
INTRODUCTION
USES AND APPLICATIONS
PROPERTIES
HAZARD AND SHIPPING REGULATION:-
PHYSIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF NICOTINE
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
1. SCOPE
2. REQUIREMENTS
3. PACKING AND MARKING
4. SAMPLING
5. TESTS
APPENDIX -A
DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE CONTENT
A - 1 METHOD
A - 2 REAGENTS
APPENDIX - B
SEDIMENTATION TEST
B - 1 PROCEDURE
B - 2 REPORT
NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
MODE OF ACTION:
USES:
CHEMICAL FORMULA:
ADVANTAGES:
NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
MARKET OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
PRODUCTION OF PESTICIDES IN INDIA
NICOTINE MARKET IN INDIA
PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO AND TOBACCO WASTES:
NICOTINE/NICOTINE DERIVATIVES FROM TOBACCO:
NICOTINE AND ITS COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT DERIVATIVES:
WORLD PESTICIDE MARKET AND PROSPECTS FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE
STATUS OF TOBACCO WASTE BASED INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR NICOTINE BASED PRODUCTS
NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATE USE FOR TOBACCO:
A LOOK AT THE ORGANS OF THE BODY HARMED BY TOBACCO SMOKE
PHARMACEUTICAL USE OF NICOTINE:
COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE & NICOTINE DERIVATIVES
MARKET PRICES OF NICOTINE AND ITS SALTS:
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
RECOMMENDATIONS:
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMISTRY OF NICOTINE
THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION INSTALLATION WAS BUILT UP AS FOLLOWS:-
(1) THE STEAM DISTILLATION KETTLE.
(2) THE STEAM-HEATED NICOTINE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER.
(3) THE NICOTINE CONCENTRATIOIN FLASKS.
(D) THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION PROCESS.
(1) THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ACID IN THE FLASKS.
(2) THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER
(3) THE DLSTILLATION PERIOD.
(4) THE AMMONIUNN SULPHATE FORMED IN 'THE RECEIVING FLASKS.
(5) THE SEPARATION OF THE AMMONIUM SULPHATE AND NECOTINE SULPHATE
VALUE OF BY PRODUCTS.
THE EXTRACTED TOBACCO RESIDUE.
COMMERCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS & APPLICATION OF NICOTINE:-
MODE ACTION:-
ZONES OF CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO:-
RAW MATERIALS
TOBACCO:-
CULTIVATION
SOWING AND GROWTH
HARVEST
GLOBAL PRODUCTION
TRENDS
MAJOR PRODUCERS
UNITED STATES
CHINA
BRAZIL
INDIA
BENZENE:-
HAZARD:-
LIME:-
HAZARD:-
SULFURIC ACID:-
HAZARD:-
TOBACCO LEAF BY-PRODUCTS (TOBACCO WASTE)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS NICOTINE SULPHATE (40%)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE (USP)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN DETAILS
EXTRACTION OF NICOTINE BY MEANS OF STEAM:-
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
PRODUCTION OF NICOTINE SULFATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
NICOTINE SULPHATE (MANUFACTURING PROCESS)
A) REMOVAL FROM THE RAW MATERIAL BY WATER:-
B) I. DIRECT REMOVAL FROM THE RAW MATERIAL STEAM:-
III. DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION
RECOVERY OF SOLVENT
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE:-
OPTIMIZATION OF NICOTINE SUPPHATE
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF NICOTINE SULPHATE 40 %
SECTION 1. CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 2. PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 4. TOXICITY DATA
SECTION 5. STABILITY
SECTION 6. PREVENTIVE STEPS
SECTION 7. FIRST AID MEASURES
SECTION 8. STORAGE & HANDLING
TESTING METHOD OF NICOTINE AND NICOTINE SULPHATE
EXAMPLE L
STAGE 1 HARVESTING AND DEEP FREEZING
STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI TESTING
STAGE VII PACKING
EXAMPLE 2
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING.
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 3
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING.
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 4
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 5
STAGE I WASHINGS OF THE INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE II CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE III CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE IV RECONSTITUTION OF THE TOBACCO BY IMPREGNATION
STAGE V TESTING OF THE TOBACCO
STAGE VI PACLDNG
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF TOBACCO WASTE
SUPPLIERS OF
TOP
BENZENE
SUPPLIERS OF LIME POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF REACTION VESSEL
SUPPLIERS OF INDUSTRIAL FILTERS
SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION UNITS
SUPPLIERS OF EVAPORATORS
SUPPLIERS OF TRAY DRYER
SUPPLIERS OF DIGESTER TANKS
SUPPLIERS OF CRYSTALLIZATION TRAY
SUPPLIERS OF CENTRIFUGE MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE TANK
SUPPLIERS OF WATER SOFTENING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF STEAM BOILERS
SUPPLIERS OF GENERATOR (D.G. SET)
SUPPLIERS OF PACKING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF CONVEYOR BELT
SUPPLIERS OF ELEVATORS, ESCALATORS
BUYER’S LIST OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
BUYER’S OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
