ICE TUBE MANUFACTURING
[EIRI/EDPR/ 3282] J.C.: 1354
INTRODUCTION
Tube Ice: Tube ice, commonly called cylinder ice, is formed by freezing potable water on the inside of a series of vertical metal cylinders around which refrigerant is evaporating at a low temperature. When the cylinders are nearly full of ice, hot gas is used to loosen the ice from the cylinder walls. The ice falls downward and is broken into pieces by a spinning breaker bar or other apparatus. The ice is then usually fed up a screw conveyer or auger to a mechanical storage bin or "rake," where it is stored until it can be bagged or processed. Tube ice is recognizable from the trademark hole in the middle of each "tube." The density of tube ice in storage is approximately 32 lb/ft3 (0.41 kg/m3).
Because of the hot gas thawing system employed, tube ice is harvested wet. In order to deliver a superior product that does not freeze together, the ice should be refrozen, which dries the surface of the ice and prevents sticking together. This may be accomplished through the use of a drying system or by placing in a cold room immediately after bagging.
Ice cube is a well known product and the commercial ice cube is made in the ice plant while the ice can be prepared at homes also in the refrigerators. Only the water is filled in trays and these trays are kept in refrigerators. After a certain period the water will freeze and ice cube can be obtained.
The method of refrigeration of water into ice cube is almost similar on commercial scale refrigeration are mostly used for the production of ice cube. Medium and small scale freezing equipments are used in conjunction with the large capacity refrigerators.
Ice cube is produced and marketed usually in the form of cubes which may be either crystal-clear or opaque, the latter is considered to be inferior. The opaqueness is due to the presence of minute babbles of air released during the cooling process.
The water employed for ice cube making should be preferably free from dissolved solids. Formerly when steam was used as a source of powers for driving refrigeration machines the exhaust steam was condensed after filtration and the distilled water so obtained was frozen into ice cube.
Electricity is now used for running refrigeration plants and economic production of clear ice cube from raw water without proof distillation has gained importance. Various methods of treatment have been developed for this purpose and it now possible to use water containing dissolved solids up to 1300 p.p.m. to yield ice cube of good marketable quality.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 20 MT/Day
Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 2.47 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.22 Cr
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 48.98 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 4.60 Cr
Rate of Return 41%
Break Even Point 47%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES
USES & APPLICATION OF TUBE ICE
USES AND APPLICATIONS
B. I. S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET SURVEY
TYPES OF ICE & REFRIGERANT
RANGES OF ICE CUBES
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ICE TUBE
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION & DESIGN PARAMETERS
MANUFACTURE OF ICE CUBE
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
DESIGN & FABRICATION OF ICE CUBE MAKING MACHINE
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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