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Complete Technology Handbook on Inks Production (Modern Inks Formulae and Manufacturing Industries Hand Book)

Book Contains Chapters on Introduction, Colour Matching, Raw Materials, Waxes and Additives, Typographic Inks, Printing Inks, Formulations, Publication Inks, Cork tipping Inks, Carton Inks and their Formulations, Photogravure Inks for Three- and Four-colour Reproduction, Screen Process Inks, Ball-Point Pen Inks, Testing of Finished Inks, Flexography, Lithographic Inks, Melamine Laminate Inks, Fluorescent Inks, Textile Inks, Water-based Inks, Non-Impact Printing, Electrostatic Imaging, Inks for jet Print-ing, Speciality Screen Inks, Inks for the Electronics Industry, Offset Printing Inks, Stamp Pad Inks, Rotogravure Printing Ink , Printing Inks (Flexographic Ink), Duplicating Ink, Ball Pen Refill Ink, Plastic Ink (Flexographic & Rotogravure Ink) and Golden Silver Paste, Printing Machine Roller, Testing of Printing Inks, Printing Inks and Allied Products Standards List, Plant Economics of Ball Point Pen, Refills & Ink, Plant Economics of Digital Inks, Plant Economics of Industrial Paint and Inks (Various Types), Plant Economics of Offset Printing Inks (Coloured), Plant Economics of Printing Inks (Flexo Graphic), Plant Economics of Printing Inks (Flexo, Roto, Offset and Screen), Plant Economics of Printing Inks on HDPE Laminated or Unlaminated Bags, Plant Economics of Rotogravure Printing (For Flexible Packaging), Plant Economics of Screen Printing Inks.

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Elements of Ink
The nature of Printing Inks
Visual characteristics of inks
The colour of inks
The transparency and opacity of printing inks
The gloss of printing inks
Flexographic and Gravure Inks
Lithographic and letterpress inks
The Drying Characteristics
Absorption during
Oxidation drying
Evaporation drying
Chemical drying
The adhesive nature of printing inks
The resistance properties of printing inks
Light fastness
Heat resistance
Abrasion resistance
Product resistance
Radiation induced drying

CHAPTER 2

Colour Matching

CHAPTER 3

Raw Materials

CHAPTER 4

Waxes and Additives

CHAPTER 5

Typographic Inks

Harder-drying book and periodical inks, Jobbing inks
Platen Inks
Inks for cylinder machines
Jobbing Inks
Quick-setting Inks
Inks for process coated paper
Inks for banks, bonds, grease-proof papers, carton boards
Process Inks
Print down yellow
Transparent yellow
Magenta (Red)
Black
Cyan four-colour blue
Three-colour blue

CHAPTER 6

Printing Inks

General Requirements
Manufacturing Process
Mixing
Milling
Filtration
Ink Properties
Types of printing inks
Quick-Set Inks
Heatset inks
Moisture-Set Inks
Radiation-Curing Inks
High-Gloss Inks
Metallic Inks
Magnetic Inks
Fluorescent Inks
Scuff-Resistant Inks
Printing Requirements
Letterpress
Offset Lithography
Flexography
Gravure
Ink-Jet Printing
Copperplate and Die Stamping
Electrostatic Printing
Ink is manufactured in two stages
Step 1 - Varnish manufacture
Oleoresinous varnish manufacture
Non-oleoresinous varnish manufacture
Step 2 - Pigment dispersal
Three roll mills
Bead Mills
Cavitation Mixers
Composition of inks
Letterpress ink for newspaper
Lithographic ink for paper
U.V. curing lithographic ink for paper
The manufacture of oleo-resinous systems
Varnish manufacture
Flow pattern in practical terms
Deaeration and potting
The manufacture of polymer/solvent systems
Varnish manufacture
Cavitation mixer
Rotor/stator mixer
Storage and handling
Manufacture of additives
Liquid ink manufacture
Ball mills
Bead Mills
Chips
Pigment ‘chip’ manufacture
Pigment Production Technology
Manufacture of dye-based inks
Mixing Equipment
Butterfly mixers (Change pan)
Rotor and stator high speed mixers
High-speed impeller mixers
High Speed Mixers
The ‘star’ impeller type
The high-speed disperser
The fixed or on-line mixer
High-speed mixing
Typical uses and applications
Milling Equipment
Three-roll mills
Construction
Development of single cast rollers
Bead mills or stirred ball mills
Ball Mill
Vertical Bead Mill
Pin Type Bead Mill
Turbo Bead Mill
Disc Type Bead Mill
Open sieve mill
Closed sieve mill (Dupont and Draiswerke)
Developed by Herr Durr and Herr Engels of Draiswerke GmbH, this major
John mill (Netzsch GmbH)
Tex mill (Draiswerke GmbH) (see Fig. 12.23)
Dyno mill (Willy A Bachofen Ag)
STS mill (Draiswerke GmbH)
Boa 500 mill (Buhler Brothers Ltd)
Co-ball mill (Fryma Ag)
Manufacture of Newspaper Inks
Oil handling
Production method
Handling and Storage of Inks
Ink Cartridge Handling Precautions
Handling precautions for replacing ink cartridges
Consumption of ink

CHAPTER 7

Formulations

Considerations governing Choice of Pigments
Choice of Pigments
The Role of Water
Ink Vehicles
Linseed Oil based Black Offset Litho
Soap Carbon Printing Yellow Offset Litho
General Purpose Hard Drying Red Offset Litho
Summary of general consideration
Damping Water and the Ink
Ink Consistency
Ink Drying
Drier Absorption
Letterpress Ink Formulation
Platen ink for absorbent papers
Cylinder press ink for uncoated papers
Quick-set inks for coated paper
Letterpress ink drying by oxidation
Water-reducible inks
Process inks
Process magenta letterpress
Newspaper coloured inks
Rotary black inks for newspapers
Formula A: General-purpose low mist black
Formula B: Ink rail
Formula C: Page-Pak
Formula D: Keyless inking (indirect flexo)
Formula E: Flat-bed rotary
Formula F
Use of refined oils

CHAPTER 8

Publication Inks, Cork tipping Inks, Carton Inks and their Formulations

Paper in publication printing
Gloss and absorbency
Formulation requirements
Easily dispersible pigments for publication gravure inks
Inks for catalogue printing
Typical formulation of a catalogue ink
Packaging inks for paper and board Labels
Typical fast-drying formula for labels
Typical formula of a chip-based non-curl label ink
Typical co-solvent polyamide ink
Metallic label inks Formula
Bronze ink
Paper wrapper inks
Inks for cork tipping
Carton Inks
Heat-resistant carton ink Formulation
Heat seal resistant varnish Formulation
Metallic bronze gravure ink for cartons
Foil inks
Virgin foil
Formulation for lightweight aluminium foil
Foil laminates
Foil board laminates
Inks for polyethylene film
Ink based on co-solvent polyamide resin
Ink based on alcohol-soluble polyamide resin:
Inks for treated polypropylene films
White ink for treated side of co-extruded polypropylene:
Red ink for pearlisedopp
Coated polypropylene films
Yellow ink for printing on coated polypropylene film
Cellulose films
Main application
White ink for surface printing on N/C coated films
Polyester films
Red ink for reverse print and lamination on uncoated polyester film
Nylon films
Vinyl films
Metallised films
Wall coverings
Inks for paper
Typical formula for a gravure wallpaper ink
Vinyl coated wallcoverings
Typical formula of a vinyl wallcovering gravure ink
Typical gravure/flexo wall-covering ink
Expanded polyethylene
Decorative wall panels

CHAPTER 9

Photogravure Inks for Three and Four colour Reproduction

Introduction
Black Inks
Coloured and Extender Inks
Metallic Gravure Inks
Gravure Overprint Varnishes

CHAPTER 10

Screen Process Inks

Introduction
Poster Inks
Gloss Poster Inks

CHAPTER 11

Ball-Point Pen Inks

CHAPTER 12

Testing of Finished Inks

Short Term Tests
Longer Term Tests
Short Term Tests
Consistency (Letterpress and Litho Inks)
Dispersion
Scale Comparisons of Grinding Gauges
Hue and Strength
Short Term Tests on Other Types of Inks
Liquid Inks
News Inks
Silk Screen and Die-stamping Inks
Longer Term Tests
Drying Time
Automatic Drying Time Testers
Skinning time
Setting Time
Strength (Concentration of pigment)
Hue: Instrumental Measurements
Gloss
Density and Specific Gravity

CHAPTER 13

Flexography

Ink Fountain
Printing Unit
Plates
Rubber Plates
Outfeed Section
Inks and Substrates
Paper and Paperboard
Non-Paper Substrates
Press Configurations
Sheetfed Flexography
Hybrid Flexographic Presses
Flexo Gravure
Offset Flexo
Advantages
Disadvantages
Designing for Flexography
The Flexo-printing Process
Platemaking
Printing
Understanding the key flexographic label printing press components
Feed & Unwind Station
Printing station
Drying Station
Die Cutting & Converting
Outfeed and Rewind
Types of flexographic label press
In-Line Press
Central Impression Press
Stack Press

CHAPTER 14

Lithographic Inks

Nature of the process
Formulation of Lithographic ink
Characteristics of Litho Inks
Film thickness considerations
Drying Mechanisms
Restrictions of the process
Penetration
Oxidation
Quickset mechanism
Physical Properties
Viscosity
Solvents
Formula
Formulating Principles
Formula for lithographic offset printing ink
Lithographic Inks
Violets
Greens
White
Extenders
Typical inks and varnishes
Inks and varnishes for sheet-fed paper printing
Sheet-fed label inks
Metallic inks
Small-offset
Inks and varnishes for sheet-fed carton board printing
Ink for sheet-fed impervious substrate printing
Formulation
Inks for web-offset paper printing
Coldset
Heatset
Ink-related problems and their possible solutions
Step-by-Step Troubleshooting Guide:
Check for Physical Damage
Clean the Pump:
Verify Ink Levels
Inspect Tubing
Address Unusual Noises
Tighten Connections
Address Leaks
Perform Test Prints
Consult Technical Documentation
Seek Professional Help
High Dot Gain
Piling
Setoff
Poor Ink Mileage
Litho problems
Rheology problems
Tack problems
Setting and drying problems
Appearance problems
Dot reproduction
Poor Lay
Problem
Problem
Problem
Problem
Problem
Recent and future trends
3D Printing Will Penetrate Into Different Sectors
Expertise In IT Will Be Key
Sheet Fed Digital Printing
Print Security Spending Will Be Fuelled by IoT
Cost Effective Printing Is Of Prime Demand
Security Printing
Cloud Printing
The Role of Automation and Artificial Intelligence
The Personalisation and Customisation Trend

CHAPTER 15

Melamine Laminate Inks, Fluorescent Inks, Textile Inks, Water-based Inks, Non-Impact Printing, Electrostatic Imaging, Inks for jet Print-ing, Speciality Screen Inks

Stamps
Speciality systems
Metallic inks
Colors and Types
Metallic Ink Screenprinting
The Benefits
Bronze inks for film
Aluminium-based inks
Typical formula - vinyl wallcovering simulated gold
Pearlescent inks
Typical formula of pearlescent ink for wall covering
Fluorescent inks
Textile Inks
Reactive Ink
Disperse Ink
Water-based Inks
Acid Inks
Sublimation Inks
Pigment Inks
Non-Impact Printing
Electrostatic imaging
Inks for jet printing
Water-based continllous jet ink
Drop-an-demand (impulse) system
Speciality Screen Inks
Encapsulated perfume inks
Thermochromic inks
Phosphorescent inks

CHAPTER 16

Inks for the Electronics Industry

Printed circuit products
Alkali-soluble rich resist
Two-pack epoxy solder resist
UV solder resist
Thermal-curing notation ink
Membrane switches
Inks for laminated plastics
Inks for wallcoverings
Water-based flexowallcovering ink
H/C free flexolgravure vinyl wallcovering ink
Textile transfer inks
Flexo water-based heat transfer ink
Sterilisation Inks
One-pack steam sterilisation ink
Other colour change and security inks
Security Ink Technologies
Biometric Taggants
Erasable Ink
Coin Reactive Ink
Bleeding Ink
UV Invisible Fluorescent Ink
Thermochromic Ink
Fugitive Ink
Chemical Reactive Inks
Optically Variable Ink
Magnetic Ink
Penetrating or Indelible Ink
Pen Reactive Ink
Secondary Fluorescing Ink
Photochromic Ink
Visible Infrared Ink
Adhesion Promotion Varnish
Security Ink Applications
Bank Notes
Textiles
Packaging
Official Documents
Labels
Pharmaceuticals
Handbags and Cosmetics
Concert, Sports and Lottery Tickets

CHAPTER 17

Offset Printing Inks

Product Introduction of Colour Printing Ink
Properties and Characteristics
B.I.S. Specification
Principles of ink formulation
Offset printing inks (coloured)
Formulae
Blue Plate Inks
Flexographic Inks
Gravure Ink
Automatic Press Red
Manufacture of Offset Printing Inks
Steps to Formulate Offset Printing Inks
Inspect Incoming Ink
Agree on a Specification
Define the Target Color
Measure the Print Substrate
Define the Ink Film Thickness or Anilox Roller
Formulate of Recipe
Create a Drawdown
Measure the Drawdown
Save the Recipe
Evaluate Results
Resolve On-Press Issues
Special offset printing inks
Thermochromic inks
Metallic inks
Mirror inks
Pearlescent inks
Watermark imitation inks
Scented inks
Scratch-off inks
Magnetic inks
Luminescent inks

CHAPTER 18

Stamp Pad Inks

CHAPTER 19

Rotogravure Printing Ink

Formulations
Flexographic inks
Formulation-1
Formulation-2
Formulation-3 (Bright blue ink)
Formulation-4 (Green ink)
Formulation-5 [Flexographic (Nitro cellulose base) Ink]
Formulation-6 (For Paper, Carton Board, Foil, Cellophone, Cellulose Acetate Film and Other Plastic Films)
Manufacturing process of flexographic ink
Gravure Inks Formulation
Manufacturing process of gravure printing ink
Manufacturing process of vehicle
Dispersion of Pigments

CHAPTER 20

Printing Inks (Flexographic Ink)

Introduction
Formulations
Flexographic Inks
Formulation 1
Formulation-2
Formulation-3 (Bright blue ink)
Manufacturing process of flexographic ink
Gravure Inks Formulation

CHAPTER 21

Duplicating Ink

CHAPTER 22

Ball Pen Refill Ink

Ball pen inks formulations and processes
formulation - Cold Climate Ball Pen Ink
Temperature Climate Ball Pen Ink Formulation
Tropical Climate Ball Pen Ink Formulation

CHAPTER 23

Plastic Ink (Flexographic & Rotogravure Ink) and Golden Silver Paste

Introduction
Flexography
Gravure
Flexographic Inks
Gravure Inks
Uses and Application
BIS Specification
Formulations
Flexographic Inks
Formulation-1
Formulation-2
Formulation-3 (Bright blue ink)
Formulation-4 (Green ink)
Formulation-5 (Flexographic (Nitro cellulose base) ink]
Formulation-6 (For Paper, Carton Board, Foil, Cellophone, Cellulose Acetate Film and Other Plastic Films)
Formulation-7 (For Plastic Packaging Film)
Flexographic Ink Formulation
Process
Flexographic Ink
Flexographic Ink
Process of Manufacture
Manufacturing process of flexographic ink
Gravure Inks Formulation
Manufacturing process of gravure printing ink
Manufacturing process of vehicle

CHAPTER 24

Printing Machine Roller

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Working principle of three roll mill
How to choose a three roll mill
The quality of the roller
Roller size
Feeding method
Influence of parameter setting on grinding effect
Pressure
Temperature
Blade
Tips for finding the best device

CHAPTER 25

Testing of Printing Inks

The Importance of Ink Testing
Methods of Ink Testing for Commercial Printing
Specific Gravity
The Effect of temperature on Viscosity
The effect of ink viscosity on quality
Viscosity Measurement
Viscosity
Penetration
Refraction
Evaporation
Acid Number
Ink Absorbency
Various tests can determine the ink absorbency of a paper
Tung Oil
Detection of Resin
Detection of Rosins
Testing of Pigments
Do organic pigments contain chlorinated aromatics?
Can pigments be a source of cyanide?
Can certain pigments produce aromatic amines?
Solid Prints/Side-by-Side comparisons of Batches
Pigment Strength & Transfer (Wedge Prints)
Dry Rub Resistance
% Volatiles
% Trap
Water Pickup & Contamination
Brookfield Viscosity
Duke Viscosity
Fineness of Grind
Ink Mileage

CHAPTER 26

Printing Inks and Allied Products Standards List

CHAPTER 27

Plant Economics of Ball Point Pen, Refills & Ink

CHAPTER 28

Plant Economics of Digital Inks

CHAPTER 29

Plant Economics of Industrial Paint and Inks (Various Types)

CHAPTER 30

Plant Economics of Offset Printing Inks (Coloured)

CHAPTER 31

Plant Economics of Printing Inks (Flexo Graphic)

CHAPTER 32

Plant Economics of Printing Inks (Flexo, Roto, Offset and Screen)

CHAPTER 33

Plant Economics of Printing Inks on HDPE Laminated or Unlaminated Bags

CHAPTER 34

Plant Economics of Rotogravure Printing (For Flexible Packaging)

CHAPTER 35

Plant Economics of Screen Printing Inks

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