Modern technology of essential oils (hand book)

MODERN TECHNOLOGY OF ESSENTIAL OILS

GLOBAL VIEWPOINTS ON THE TRADE OF ESSENTIAL OILS

ESSENTIAL OILS TECHNOLOGY

Introduction
Brief History of the Separation Techniques
GC Spectroscopy Coupled Techniques
Liquid Chromatography Techniques
Multidimensional Chromatographic Techniques
Recent Analytical Techniques
Abuses of qualitative Analysis
Abuses of Quantitative Analysis

STANDARDIZATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS

Introduction
Development of An Indian Standard
Indian Standards on Perfumery Chemicals
Import Substitution
R & D Work and Standardization
Standards to Keep Pace with the Market Trends
Detection of Adulteration in Genuine Essential Oils
Some of the Important Standards Laid Down by the Committe
Modern Techniques for Analysis
Offactory Assessment of Perfumery Chemical, IS 2284:1988
Glossary of Terms Relating to Perfumery Materials IS 6597:1988
Codes of Practices for Cultivation of Aromatic Plants IS 13358 (Part 1 to Part 3): 1992 (Other parts are under preparation)
Quality System Certification
IS:14000 Series
Model One
Model Two
Model Three
International Standardization
Conclusion
Annexure-1
Natural and Synthetic Materials Sectional Committee, PCD 18 Scope

NATURAL ESSENCES

ESSENTIAL OILS AND FLAVOURS

Gas Liquid Chromalography
Capillary and Chiral Gas Chromatography
Preparative Gas Chromatography
Column Chromalography
Thin Layer Chromatography
Instrumental Thin Layer Chromatography (High Performance Thin layer Chromatography-HPTLC)
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)/Fractionation/(SFE)/Chromatography (SFC)
Techniques Ancillary to Gas Chromatography
Retention Indices
Mass Spectrometry
Multidimensional GC-MS
HRGC-FTIR
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Chemical Transformation
Techniques Ancillary to Liquid Chromatography
Ultra Voilet and Infra Red Spectroscopy
Nuclear Magnetic Resonace
Detection of Synthetics in Natural Oils by Isotopes Analysis
Isotope Analysis by MS
Isotope Analysis by NMR
Intelligent Sensor Technology

PEST CONTROL THROUGH ESSENTIAL OILS

Anti-Microbial Efficacy
Insecticidal/Ovicidal Efficacy
Attractant/Repellent Efficacy
Preservation of Food Commodities During Storage by Essential Oils
Miscellaneous Efficacies of Essential Oils

ROLE OF PERFUMER

CULTURAL PRACTICES OF LEMONGRASS

Introduction
Effect of Date of Plantings
Effect of Different Spacing Combinations
Effect of Nitrogen Levels
Cut and Yield Pattern
Recommendations

STATUS OF JAMROSA

Breeding of Jamrosa
Comparative Yield Trial
Morphology
Cytology
Cultivation
Yield
Quality of Oil and Uses
Areas Under Cultivation and Marketing Prospects
Economic Status
Further Research

SANDALWOOD OIL

Introduction
Natural Sandalwood oil
Attempts to Produce Synthetic Sandalwood Oil
Upgradation of Naturally Occurring Sandalwood Oil
Upgradation by Photochemical Means
Synthetic Odourants
Structure Odour Related Landmarks
Relationship Between Chemical Structure and Sandalwood Fragrance
Molecular Weight
Functional Group
Molecular Geometry
Electronic Effects
Effect of Substitution by Ether
Effect of Double Bond
Effect of Cyclopropane Ringh
Substituent Effects
Synthesis
Aromachlogy and its Future Potential
Conclusion
Basic Business Trends in Sandalwood Oil substitutes and Global Opportunities
Appendix-1
Characteristics of Sandalwood Oil
Appendix-2

CULTIVATION OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM LINN.VAR-CLOCIMUM

RRL OC-12 A NEWLY EVOLVED METHYL CINNAMATE RICH STRAIN OF OCIMUM CANUM SIMS

Introduction
Taxonomy
Breeding and Improvement
Agro Technology
Climatic Adaptability
Soil and Land Preparation
Nursery Raising
Transplanting
Irrigation
Nutritional Requirements
Interculture and Weed Management
Harvesting
Herbage and Oil Yield
Rotational Cropping
Pest and Diseases
Distillation
Byproduct
Marketing
Economics
Planting Material and Technical Know-How
Chemistry

GERMINATION AND FLOWERING OF OCIMUM SEILOLI BENTH

Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion

PRESENT AGRO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY STATUS OF CELERY (APLUM GRAVEOLENS L.)

CORRELATION STUDIES IN DILL (ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L.)

Introduction
Material and Methods
Results and Discussion

DAVANA

CULTIVATION AND UTILIZATION OF KAEMPFERIA GLANGA L

CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF ARTEMISLA SPECIES

FREE AND GLYCOSIDICALLY BOUND VOLATILES OF CLOVE (EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA)

Experimental Procedures
Capillary Gas Chromatographic Analysis
Results

BY PRODUCT FROM TURMERIC AND GINGER RHIZOMES

Introduction
By Product Development in Turmeric
Curcumin
Isolation of Curcumin and Its Recovery
Turmeric Essential Oils
Isolation of Essential Oils and its Flavour Profile
By Product Development in Ginger
Survey of Raw Material
Essential Oils
Oleoresin
Gingerol in Ginger Oleoresin
Starch
Protein
Crude Fibre
Commercial Extraction of Ginger Oleoresin
Process Description for Oleoresins
Oleoresin Quality
Flavour Quality of Ginger Oleoresins
Essential Oils of Ginger
Profile of Flavour in Ginger Cultivars

PROFILE OF ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN TREE SPICES

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans L.)
Sterioid Degradation Compound Associated with Sex Expression in Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans L.)
Extraction and Estimation

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