hand book of essential oils manufacturing and aromatic plants

HAND BOOK OF ESSENTIAL OILS MANUFACTURING  & AROMATIC PLANTS


Trends in Trade of Essential Oils

• Introduction
• Indian Scenario
• Uses of Essential Oils

Demand for Essential Oil

• Fragrance
• Flavour

Damask Rose (Rosa Damascena Mill) Cultivation & Processing

• Introduction
• Origin, Distribution, Area & Production
• Rose Products
• Rose Water
• Rose Oil
• Rose Concrete & Absolute
• Rose AttarGulroghan
• Pankhuri
• Dried Rose Buds
• Uses
• Characteristics of Rose Damascena Mill
• Climate
• Site & Soil
• Propagation
• Field Layout
• Transplanting
• Time of Transplanting
• Irrigation & Drainage
• Interculture Operations
• Manures & Fertilizers
• Inter-Cropping
• Pruning
• Flowering
• Plucking
• Handling of Fresh Flowers
• Yield

Rose Oil Distillation Methods

• Traditional Methods
• Technical Drawbacks
• NBRI Process & Design
• Special Features
• Drawbacks
• Improved Production Technology of CIMAP, Lucknow
• Process Developed by CSIR Complex, Palampur
• Structural Requirement for Pilot Scale Distillation of Rose Oil
• Distillation Process (Flow Sheet Diagram)

Chemistry of Rose Oil

Chemicals Constituents of Rose Oil

Cultivation of Matricaria Chamomilla

• Introduction
• Uses
• Soil & Climatic Requirements
• Cultivation
• Botanical Characters
• Propagation
• Crop Growth
• Irrigation
• Manures & Fertilizers
• Weed Control
• Harvesting
• Fresh Flower & Oil Yield
• Seed Collection & Storage
• Drying Fresh Flowers
• Distillation
• Effect of Growth Regulators
• Diseases & Pests
• Chemical Composition
• Chamomilla Waste
• Analytical Methods

Cultivation of Davana for Essential Oil

• Introduction
• Botany
• Floral Biology
• Climate
• Soil
• Nursery Raising Transplanting
• Manures & Fertilizers
• Irrigation
• Interculture
• Growth Regulator Application
• Plant Protection
• Diseases
• Harvesting
• Distillation
• Yield & Oil Content
• Chemical Constituents
• Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Davana

Cultivation & Improvement of Sweet Marjoram

• Introduction
• Floristics & Crop Improvement
• Floristics
• Studies n Floral Biology
• Crop Improvement
• Crop Production & Management
• Propagation
• Studies on Natrient & Spacing
• Use of Growth Regulators
• Crop Rotation/Sequencing & Intercrops
• Irrigation & Interculture
• Insect Pests & Diseases
• Harvesting Production of Essential Oil & Yield
• Chemistry of Oil
• Influence of Harvesting Stage on the Odour Values  of Essential Oil
• Production of Essential Oil
• Yield

Extraction of Essential Oil

• Physico-Chemical Properties of Oil
• Utilisation

Essential Oils

• Oleoresin
• Gingerol in Ginger Oleoresin
• Protein
• Crude Fibre
• Comercial Extraction of Ginger Oleoresin
• Process Description for Oleoresins
• Oleoresin Quality
• Spice Solvent input & utilisation, extraction yield, gingerol & essential oil contents of ginger oleoresin under counter-current, sequential, soxlet & cold solvent percolation
• Flavour Quality of Ginger Oleoresin
• Essential Oils of Ginger
• Profile of Flavour in Ginger Cultivars
• of Ginger

Essential Chemical Constituents Profile in Tree Spices

• Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans L)
• Steroid Degradation Compound Associated with Sex Expression in Numeg Fragrans
• Extraction & Estimation
• IR & MS of Extracted Steroids
• Solvent Extractable Fat
• Lipid Separation
• flow Sheet for the Extraction of Nutmeg Butter & Oleoresins
• TLC of Lipids
• TLC of Fatty Acids
• Gas Liquid Chromatography of Fatty Acids
• Aroma Quality of Nutmeg Oil & Solvent Extractable Fat
• Oil of Nutmeg & Oil Mace
• Clove
• Cinnamon
• Anthocyanin Pigments of young Flushes of Cinnamon
• Quality Parameters of Cinnamon
• Physico Chemical Properties Chemical Composition of Ceylon Cinnamon Leaf & Bark Oil 

Medicinal Uses of Indigenous Aromatic Plants

• Introduction
• The Study
• Methods of Study
• Folk Medicinal uses
• Discussion

Essential Oil Bearing Plants Status

• The Alpine -Zone
• The Temperate Zone
• The Sub- Tropical or Sub-Temperate  Valleys
• The Utilisation of Wild Growing Aromatic Herbs
• The utilisation of Locally Cultivated Aromatic Herbs
• Laser or Takker (LN)
• Introduction of Essential Oil Bearing Crops
• Aromatic Herbs
• Expressed Essential Oils
• Conclusion

Promising Aromatic Plants of Industrial Value

• Cinnamomum Species
• A Few Other Woody Plants
• Cymbopogon Species

Essential Oil Industry Waste Utilisation

• Cymbopogon Marc
• Mentha Marc
• Physical Characteristics of Mentha Marc
• utilisation of Woody Stems of Eucalyptus Citriodora

Fractionation of Essential Oils in Perfumery & Turpentine Industry

• Introduction
• Rotary Columns
• Plate & Packed Columns
• Batch Versus Continuous Columns
• Fractionation of Perfumery Oils
• Factors Affecting the Performance of Packed Columns
• Recommendations for Perfumery Oils
• Recommendations for Turpentine Oil

Tagetes Minuta (Wild Marigold)

• IntroductionCrop Management
• Harvesting & Distillation
• Quality Evaluation
• Constituents of Tagets Minuta Oil from  Whole Plant Flowers & the Leaves
• Uses of Tagetes Oil
• Research Needs

Essential Oil of Hyptis Suaveolens Poit

• Introduction
• Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Essential Oil of H. Suavfolens
• Phytotoxic Behaviour of the Oil
• Chemical Constituents of the Oil
• Composition of the Essential Oil of H.Suavfolens
• Conclusions

Super-Critical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) Technology-For Spice Extraction

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Scope of this Presentation
• Supercritical Fluid Extraction System (SCFE)
• Working Pricinple & SCFE Process Description
• Carbon Dioxide as SC Solvent-Its Plus Points
• Advantages of the SCFE Process
• Parameters to be Determined in SCFE Process Design
• SCF Extraction of Spice Essential Oils, Oleoresins & Major Chemical Constituents Presents Therein
• SCFE of Pepper Oil
• SCF CO2 Extraction Versus Conventional Solvent Extraction
• Analysis of Pepper, Nutmeg & Chillies-Co-Extraction
• Physical & Chemical Characteristics of Pepper Oil
• Physico-chemical Characteristics of Pepper Oleoresin
• Physico-Chemical Characeristics of Ginger Oleoresin
• CO2 Extraction of the active Principle (Piperine) from Pepper
• The  Comparative Yield & Extraction Times for 11 Spices Extracted by Liquid Carbon Dioxide & Prepared by Steam Distillation
• SCFE of Black Pepper Oleoresin
• SCFE of Ginger Oil
• SCFE (CO2) of Piperine Pepper
• Economics of the SCFE Process
• Commercial-Scale SCFE Plants in U.K. Austria, Germany, Australia & France
• Factors Affecting Plant Designing
• Other Commercial SCFE Activity Areas
• Future Scope for SCFE Process

Citronella Oil-Process of Manufacture

• Planting & Cultivation
• Harvesting
• Distillation
• Distillation Process Erection & Distillation of Suitable Type of Still
• The Election & Operation of Suitable Type of Still
• Water & Steam Still
• Fuel
• Steam Stills
• Condenser
• Storage of Citronella Oil
• Determination of Aldehyde & Ketones
• Process Flow Sheet Diagram
• Neutral Sulphite Method
• Plant Economics of Citronella Oil
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Clove Oil

• Process of Manufacture
• Plant Economics of Clove Oil
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Extraction of Essential Oils by Super Critical Fluid (Carbon Dioxide) Method from Flowers, Herbs & Spices

• Manufacturing Process for Extraction of Essential Oils from Flowers, Herbs, Spices by Super  Critical Fluid (Carbon Dioxide)
• Extraction of Essential Oil from Flowers
• Process Flow Sheet  Diagram
• Essential Oils from Herbs (Spikenard/Cinnamon/Zeodary)
• Process Flow Sheet Diagram
• Essential Oils from Spices (Coriender, Cumin, Aniseed, Ajowan, Ginger etc.)
• Process Flow Sheet Diagram for Extraction of Essential Oils from Spices Using Super Critical Fluid Method
• Plant Economics of Extraction of Essential Oils by Super Critical Fluid (Carbon Dioxide) Methd from Flowers, Herbs & spices
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Eucalyptus Oil

• Process of Manufacture
• Distillation
• Distillation Processes
• Operation
• Refining
• Yield
• Location Conditions
• Raw Materials
• Market
• Water Position
• Transportation Facilities
• Labour
• Power & Fuel
• Process Flow Sheet
• Plant Economics of Eucalyptus Oil
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Ginger Oil

• Manufacturing Process
• Practice of Distillation
• Flow Diagram of Ginger Oil
• Plant Economics of
• Ginger Oil
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Jasmine, Rose & Lily Oil Extraction Plant

• Manufacturing Process
• Super Critical Fluid Extraction Method
• Extraction with Solvent
• Schematic Diagram of an Extraction System
• Process Flow Sheet
• Manufacturing Process
• Mothod of Distillation
• Process Flow Sheet Diagram
• Plant Economics of Jasmine & Lily Flower Oil
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Jasmine Flower Oil

• Manufacturing Process
• Plant Economics of Jasmine Flower Oil
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Production Technology of Jasmine for Essential Oil

Extraction of Jasmine Concrete & Its Economic Prospects

Lemon Grass Oil

• Manufacturing Process
• Process Flow Sheet Diagram
• Raw Material Position
• Manufacturers of Lemon Grass Oil
• Plant Economics of Lemon Grass Oil
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Mentha Oil & Crystals

• Manufacturing Process
• Steam Distillation
• Process Flow Sheet
• Menthol Bold Crystals-Manufacturing Process
• Flow Sheet Diagram
• Plant Economics of Menthol Crystals
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Pan Masala (Gutkha)

• Manufacturing Process with Formulations
• General Formula for Pan Masala
• Saada (Plain) Pan Masala
• Meetha (Sweet) Pan Masala
• Perfume for Pan Masala (Sweet)
• Pan Masala (Zarda)
• Process (Plain & Sweet Pan Masala)
• Pouch Filling
• Process Flow Sheet Diagram
• Plant Economics of Pan Masala
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Palm Oil Crushing Unit

• Manufacturing Process
• Technology & Process Description
• Process Flow Sheet for Palm Oil
• Plant Economics of Palm Oil Crushing
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Rose Plantation & Rose Oil Extraction

• Manufacturing  Process
• Method of Distillation
• Process Flow Sheet
• Plant Economics of Rose Plantation & Rose Oil Extraction
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

Spice Oils or Oleoresins

• Extraction of Essential Oil (Cardamom, Jeera, Ajowan, Ginger Oil & Other Spices
• Manufacturing Process
• Process of Manufacture
• Process Flow Diagram
• Preparation of Sesqui Terpeneless Sweet Orange Oil
• Process Flow Chart
• Preparatin of Raw Materials
• Plant Economics of Essential Oils from Spices
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Rate of Return
• Break Even Point (BEP)

International Importers & Exporters

Plant & Equipments Suppliers

Manufacturers & Exporters of Essential Oils & Aromatic Chemicls.



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