GRAPHITE MINING AND BENEFICIATION PLANT
[EIRI/EDPR/0962] J: 9664,9665(US$)
INTRODUCTION
The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Ancient Greek γράφω (graphō), "to draw/write”, for its use in pencils, where it is commonly called lead (not to be confused with the metallic element lead). Unlike diamond (another carbon allotrope), graphite is an electrical conductor, a semimetal. It is, consequently, useful in such applications as arc lamp electrodes. Graphite is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Therefore, it is used in thermo chemistry as the standard state for defining the heat of formation of carbon compounds. Graphite may be considered the highest grade of coal, just above anthracite and alternatively called meta-anthracite, although it is not normally used as fuel because it is difficult to ignite.
There are three principal types of natural graphite, each occurring in different types of ore deposit:
1. Crystalline flake graphite (or flake graphite for short) occurs as isolated, flat, plate-like particles with hexagonal edges if unbroken and when broken the edges can be irregular or angular;
2. Amorphous graphite occurs as fine particles and is the result of thermal metamorphism of coal, the last stage of coalification, and is sometimes called meta-anthracite. Very fine flake graphite is sometimes called amorphous in the trade;
3. Lump graphite (also called vein graphite) occurs in fissure veins or fractures and appears as massive platy intergrowths of fibrous or acicular crystalline aggregates, and is probably hydrothermal in origin.
Highly ordered pyrolytic graphite or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) refers to graphite with an angular spread between the graphite sheets of less than 1°. This highest-quality synthetic form is used in scientific research. The name "graphite fiber" is also sometimes used to refer to carbon fiber or carbon fiber-reinforced polymer.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 12 MT/Day
Land & Building (5 Acres) Rs. 95.90 Lac
Plant & Machinery Rs. 2.74 Cr
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 81.37 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 4.77 Cr
Rate of Return 76%
Break Even Point 30%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
GRAPHITE OUTPUT IN 2005
GRAPHITE'S UNIT CELL
BALL-AND-STICK MODEL OF GRAPHITE (2 GRAPHENE LAYERS)
SIDE VIEW OF LAYER STACKING
PLANE VIEW OF LAYER STACKING
PROPERTIES
HISTORY
OTHER NAMES
USES OF NATURAL GRAPHITE
REFRACTORIES
STEELMAKING
EXPANDED GRAPHITE
INTERCALATED GRAPHITE
STRUCTURE OF CAC6
BRAKE LININGS
FOUNDRY FACINGS AND LUBRICANTS
OTHER USES
USES OF SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE
ELECTRODES
POWDER AND SCRAP
NEUTRON MODERATOR
OTHER USES
GRAPHITE MINING, BENEFICIATION, AND MILLING
GRAPHITE RECYCLING
FLOW CHART OF MAIN MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES
I. TECHNOLOGICAL FLOW CHART OF GRAPHITE POWDER
II. TECHNOLOGICAL FLOW CHART OF GRAPHITE NODULE
TECHNOLOGICAL FLOW CHART OF MAIN PRODUCTS
3. TECHNOLOGICAL FLOW CHART OF GRAPHITE GRANULE
4. TECHNOLOGICAL FLOW CHART OF GRAPHITE SCRAP
CRYSTALLINE GRAPHITE
SPECIFICATIONS:
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
APPLICATIONS:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION DATA:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION DATA:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION DATA:
"INDIAN GRAPHITE POWDER MANUFACTURERS"
GRAPHITE PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY (METRIC TONS)
DIFFERENT PROCESS USED COMMERCIALLY
BENEFICIATION OF FLAKE GRAPHITE
THE DRAWINGS
DESCRIPTIONS
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLES 2 AND 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 5
EXAMPLE 6
PROCESS FOR GROWING GRAPHITE FIBERS
METHODS
THE DRAWING
DESCRIPTIONS
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THIN FLAKES
THE DRAWINGS
DESCRIPTIONS
PROCESS FOR GRINDING GRAPHITE
DESCRIPTIONS
EXAMPLE
RUN 1 (NO GRAPHITE GRINDING AID)
RUN 2 (WITH GRINDING GRAPHITE AID)
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING FINELY DIVIDED POWDER
DRAWINGS
PROCESS FOR PURIFYING GRAPHITE
DESCRIPTIONS
EXAMPLE I
EXAMPLE II
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HIGH PURITY GRAPHITE MATERIAL
METHODS
THE DRAWING
DESCRIPTIONS
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FLEXIBLE GRAPHITE
PRIOR ART
METHODS
THE DRAWING
DESCRIPTIONS
EXAMPLES
BENEFICIATION OF KISH GRAPHITE
METHODS
THE DRAWINGS
DESCRIPTIONS
EXAMPLES 1 TO 4
EXAMPLES 5 AND 6
EXAMPLE 7
GRAPHITE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
THE PROCESS OF GRAPHITE MANUFACTURING CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPAL STAGES:
POWDER PREPARATION
THE POWDER PREPARATION PROCESS IS PRESENTED IN THE SCHEME BELOW.
SHAPE FORMING
COLD ISOSTATIC PRESSING
EXTRUSION
DIE MOLDING
THE SCHEME OF THE DIE MOLDING METHOD IS PRESENTED IN THE PICTURE:
THE DIE MOLDING PROCESS CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING STAGES:
BAKING
GRAPHITIZATION
PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE
METHODS OF BENEFICATION
MEDIUM PURITY GRAPHITE CAN BE OBTAINED FROM RUN OF MINE GRAPHITE ORE IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER.
EXAMPLE II
A HIGH PURITY GRAPHITE CAN BE OBTAINED IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER.
MINING MACHINERY EQUIPMENT & ITS SPECIFICATIONS
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
TECHNICAL DATA:
GRINDING PLANT » RAYMOND MILL
STRUCTURE OF RAYMOND MILL:
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
TECHNICAL DATA:
FEEDING & CONVEYING » BELT CONVEYER
TECHNICAL DATA:
JAW CRUSHER
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF JAW CRUSHER:
CHARACTERISTICS OF JAW CRUSHER:
TECHNICAL DATA:
OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF HAMMER CRUSHER:
TECHNICAL DATA:
GRAPHITE DRYING MACHINE
TAIDA BRAND GRAPHITE DRYING MACHINE FEATURES:
GRAPHITE DRYING MACHINE USAGE:
GRAPHITE DRYING MACHINE CONSISTED:
SPECIFICATIONS OF GRAPHITE DRYING MACHINE:
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)