AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS (PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR)
[EIRI/EDPR/1096] J.C: 9740
INTRODUCTION
The increasing pressure of population on the available land resources, necessitates higher agricultural productivity, which can be achieved through more intensive use of fertilizer nutrients. Fertilizer is generally defined as any material (organic or inorganic; natural or synthetic) which supplies one or more of the essential chemical elements to the plants. Broadly, sixteen elements have been identified as necessary for plant growth, of which nine are required in macro quantities and seven in micro quantities.
The primary and secondary nutrients are required in 'macro quantities'. 'Primary nutrients' include nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K). Indian soils are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Hence, chemical fertilizers are used to meet the deficiency of these elements. For example, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate,urea, etc are a source of nitrogen. Calcium(C), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur(S) are called 'secondary nutrients' and are required for plant growth in relatively smaller quantities than the primary nutrients. But, any deficiency of the secondary nutrients reduces the efficiency of primary nutrient by restricting the yield to low levels. Therefore, to obtain optimum results, crops have to be supplied with secondary nutrient in addition to primary nutrients. Iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum and chlorine are a group of 'micronutrients' which are required by the plants in small quantities. Intensive cropping deplete all nutrients including micronutrients from the soil at a fast rate. Therefore selective use of micronutrients is necessary for increasing agricultural production. This can be possible by the use of Plant Growth Promoters and Plant Growth Regulators.
Among the major concerns in today's world are the pollution and contamination of soil by excessive and injudicious use of agrochemicals, as well as their detrimental effects to humans a burden borne, in particular, by agricultural workers and rural communities worldwide. Compelled to respond to concerns on both health and environmental grounds, governments all over the world are now switching from 'risk reduction' and 'safe use' procedures, to developing more environment-friendly alternatives of sustainable agricultural production such as the use of bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 18 MT/Day
Land & Building (28,301 sq.mt.) Rs. 34.46 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 56.64 Cr
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 1.14 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 2.15 Cr
Rate of Return 64%
Break Even Point 28%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
USES & APPLICATION OF ORGANIC PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER/REGULATOR MARKET IN INDIA
TABLE I
TABLE II
TABLE III
NITROBENZENE
HUMIC COMPOUNDS
POTASSIUM HUMATE 85 FERTILIZER
SOLUBLE POTASSIUM HUMATE
SUPER POTASSIUM HUMATE
DRIP IRRIGATION:
AMMONIUM HUMATE GRANULAR
ORGANIC HUMIC FERTILIZERS
HUMIC ACID /FULVIC ACID
COMPACTED CLAY SOILS
ERODED SOILS
LIGHT SANDY SOILS
DRY SOILS
SALINISED SOILS
ACIDIC SOILS
ALKALINE SOILS
HUMIC ACID IS OFFERED IN THE FOLLOWING FORMS:
LIQUID HUMIC ACID BASED SOIL ENHANCER
AMINO PRODUCTS
AMINO ACID POWDER
AMINO ACID LIQUID
LIQUID AMINO PROTEIN
THE PRODUCTION OF FOLIC ACID
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 5
EXAMPLE 6
SILICON DIOXIDE
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SINGLE CRYSTAL OF SILICON
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
ENZYMES
FERMENTATION
SUBMERGED FERMENTATION
ADVANTAGES:
SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
VITAMINS
RAW MATERIALS
THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PRELIMINARY CHECK
PREBLENDING
WET GRANULATION
WEIGHING AND MIXING
ENCAPSULATING MACHINE
POLISHING AND INSPECTION
TABLETING
COATING
PACKAGING
QUALITY CONTROL
OTHER PLANT GROWTH PROMOTERS
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER
EXAMPLE 1
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER & METHOD OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION
EXAMPLES OF THE GROUP
EXAMPLES 1-10
EXAMPLES 22 AND 23
EXAMPLE 24
EXAMPLE 25
EXAMPLES 26-35
EXAMPLES 36-44
EXAMPLES 45-60
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER
EXAMPLE 1 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON EARLY VARIETY RADISH)
EXAMPLE 2 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON POTATO WHEN SEED POTATOES WERE TREATED)
EXAMPLE 3 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON POTATO WHEN SPRAYED DURING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
EXAMPLE 4 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON RICE WHEN RICE SEEDLINGS WERE SPRAYED)
EXAMPLE 5 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON WHEAT WHEN WHEAT SEEDS WERE TREATED)
EXAMPLE 6 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON WHEAT WHEN SPRAYED DURING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
EXAMPLE 7 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON STRAWBERRY WHEN SPRAYED DURING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
EXAMPLE 8 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON GRAPE WHEN SPRAYED ON FRUITS)
EXAMPLE 9 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON COTTON WHEN COTTON SEEDS WERE TREATED)
EXAMPLE 10 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON GRAMINEOUS WEED WHEN ITS SEEDS WERE TREATED)
EXAMPLE 11 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON TOMATO WHEN SPRAYED DURING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
EXAMPLE 12 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT ON LILY)
EXAMPLE 13 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT OF JASMONIC ACID DERIVATIVE AND BRASSINOSTEROID ON EARLY VARIETY RADISH WHEN SPRAYED DURING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
EXAMPLE 14 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT OF JASMONIC ACID DERIVATIVE AND BRASSINOSTEROID ON POTATO WHEN SEED POTATOES WERE TREATED)
EXAMPLE 15 (GROWTH PROMOTION EFFECT OF JASMONIC ACID DERIVATIVE AND BRASSINOSTEROID ON WHEAT WHEN WHEAT SEEDS WERE TREATED)
LIQUID COMPOSITION FOR PROMOTING PLANT GROWTH CONTAINING TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES
EXAMPLE 1
PREPARATION OF LIQUID COMPOSITION FOR PROMOTING PLANT GROWTH CONTAINING TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
PREPARATION OF LIQUID COMPOSITION FOR PROMOTING PLANT GROWTH
TEST EXAMPLE 1
DISPERSION STABILITY TEST
1. TEST METHOD
2. TEST RESULTS
TEST EXAMPLE 2
MEASUREMENT OF DEGREE OF ABSORPTION OF THE INVENTIVE PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING COMPOSITION INTO PLANT FOLIAGE
TABLE 2
TEST EXAMPLE 3
TEST FOR EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING COMPOSITION IN RICE PLANTS
1. PREPARATION OF TEST MATERIALS
2. TEST METHOD
3. TEST RESULTS
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
CONCENTRATED PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER COMPOSITION COMPRISING
N-6-BENZYLADENINE, AN ALCOHOL, AND A METAL HYDROXIDE
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER COMPOSITION COMPRISING N-6-BENZYLADENINE, AN ALCOHOL, AND A METAL HYDROXIDE
PLANT-ROOT GROWTH PROMOTING AGENT
EXAMPLE 1
PREPARATION OF POTTED STRAWBERRY SEEDLINGS
EXAMPLE 2
PREVENTION OF BEARING-ATTRIBUTED EXHAUSTION OF STRAWBERRIES
EXAMPLE 3
PREVENTION OF BEARING-ATTRIBUTED EXHAUSTION OF MELONS
EXAMPLE 4
INCREASE OF FLORAL BUDS OF LILIES
EXAMPLE 5
CULTIVATION OF BRASSICA RAPA VAR. PERVIDIS
EXAMPLE 6
PREVENTION OF DAMPING-OFF AND IMPROVEMENTS IN SWEETNESS DEGREE OF MELONS
EXAMPLE 7
CULTIVATION TEST (IN POTS) OF A CHRYSANTHEMUM CORONARIUM
(A) TESTING METHOD
(B) TESTING
(C) TEST RESULTS
EXAMPLE 8
CUCUMBERS
(A) TEST METHOD
(B) DESIGNING OF TEST PLOTS
(C) RESULTS
EXAMPLE 9 PEAS
MICROBIAL PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER
EXAMPLE 1
PREPARATION OF THE BACTERIAL CULTURE COMPONENT
PREPARATION OF THE ALGAL CULTURE COMPONENT
PREPARATION OF THE MICROBIAL PLANT GROWTH REGULATING COMPOSITION
EXAMPLE II
I. GREENHOUSE
II. GROWTH CHAMBER
EXAMPLE 3
PROCEDURE
TREATMENT 5--CONTROL; NO MICROBIAL COMPOSITION ADDED.
RESULTS
PLANT GROWTH MEDIUM
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 5
EXAMPLE 6
EXAMPLE 7
METHOD OF PROCESSING SEAWEED
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 5
EXAMPLE 6
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
PLANT HORMONE
CHARACTERISTICS
CLASSES OF PLANT HORMONES
ABSCISIC ACID
AUXINS
CYTOKININS
ETHYLENE
GIBBERELLINS
OTHER KNOWN HORMONES
POTENTIAL MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
HORMONES AND PLANT PROPAGATION
SEED DORMANCY
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
ISOXAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 1
SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 2
SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 3
SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE 4
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 1 (DUST)
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 2 (WETTABLE POWDER)
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 3 (EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE)
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 4 (DUST)
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 5 (WETTABLE POWDER)
FORMULATION EXAMPLE 7 (FLOWABLE PREPARATION)
TEST EXAMPLE 1
TEST EXAMPLE 2
TEST EXAMPLE 3
PLANT GROWTH REGULATING AGENTS
A. AQUEOUS COMPOSITIONS
(A) AQUEOUS COMPOSITIONS WITH BASES
(B) AQUEOUS COMPOSITIONS WITH ACIDS
B. WATER-SOLUBLE POWDER COMPOSITIONS
C. SOLID COMPOSITIONS
(A) SPRAY POWDER (WETTABLE POWDER)
(B) DUSTING AGENT
(C) GRANULATE
D. MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITIONS
(A) SPRAY DISPERSION COMPOSITION
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 6
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
EXAMPLE 1
SPRING BARLEY, "VILLA" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 2
WINTER BARLEY, "BIRGIT" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 3
OATS, "FLAMINGSKRONE" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 4
OATS, "BORRUS" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 5
WINTER RYE, "CAROKURZ" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 6
WINTER RYE, "KUSTRO" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 7
INDIAN CORN, "LIMAC" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 8
WINTER BARLEY, "MIRRA" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 9
WINTER BARLEY, "OGRA" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 10
WINTER BARLEY, "DURA" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 11
SPRING RYE, "BEACON" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 13
WINTER RYE, "KUSTRO" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 14
SPRING RYE, "SOMRO" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 15
WINTER BARLEY, "AGO" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 16
GRASS OF THE PHLEUM PRATENSE, VAR. "HOLEA" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 17
GRASS OF THE FESTUCA PRATENSIS, VAR. "COSMOS 11" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 18
GRASS OF THE TRISETUM FLAVESCENS, VAR. "TRISETT 51" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 19
GRASS OF THE TRISETUM FLAVESCENS, "TRISETT 51" VARIETY
EXAMPLE 20
EXAMPLE 21
EXAMPLE 22
EXAMPLE 23
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
PREPARATION OF THE COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLE I
EXAMPLE II
EXAMPLE III
EXAMPLE IV
EXAMPLE V
EXAMPLE VI
EXAMPLE VII
EXAMPLE VIII
EXAMPLE IX
PLANT GROWTH REGULATING COMPOSITIONS
EXAMPLE XX
PLANT GROWTH REGULATING EVALUATIONS
TEST A
TEST B
CYTOKININ OXIDASE
EXAMPLE 1
ISOLATION OF CKX1 & CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS ENCODING SEQUENCE
EXAMPLE 2
EXPRESSION OF CKX1 IN PICHIA PASTORIS
EXAMPLE 3
USE OF RECOMBINANT CYTOKININ OXIDASE IN A RAPID ASSAY METHOD FOR CYTOKININ
EXAMPLE 4
UNREGULATED AND REGULATED EXPRESSION OF CKX1 CONSTITUTIVELY AND IN THE ROOTS OF NICOTIANA TABACUM
GIBBERELLIC ACID
GIBBERELLINS
THE NATURE OF GIBBERELLINS
GIBBERELLIN HISTORY
FUNCTIONS OF GIBBERELLINS
PLANT GENES AFFECTING GIBBERELLIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS
EXAMPLE 1
CLONING THE AN1 GENE
EXAMPLE 2
BASIS FOR SEMI-DWARFED NATURE OF AN1 PLANTS
EXAMPLE 3
AN1 TRANSCRIPT DISTRIBUTION
EXAMPLE 4
USE OF RECOMBINANT GENETIC METHODS TO AFFECT PLANT DEVELOPMENT
METHODS
PLANT MATERIAL
SOUTHERN ANALYSIS
CLONING PROTOCOL
CDNA LIBRARY SCREENING
RNA PREPARATION AND NORTHERN ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OF ENT-KAURENE AND KAURENE SYNTHETASE ACTIVITY
PRODUCTION OF A TRANSGENIC PLANT
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTERS
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
FOLIC ACID
ANIMED
PEL COAT FORMULATIONS
POLYSACCHARIDES
JASMONIC ACID
SILICON SALT
SUPREME SILICONES
AUROLAB
SHOVEN SILICONES
ORGANIC CHEMICALS
NUTAN CHEMICALS
NSC ORGANICS
BENZENE
CITRIC ACID
BOILERS
DG SETS
DISTILLATION COLUMNS
STORAGE TANK
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
