AZADIRACHTIN TECHNICAL
[EIRI/EDPR/4573] J.C.: 2790XL
INTRODUCTION
Neem oil is a vegetable oil pressed from the fruits and seeds of the neem (Azadirachta indica), an evergreen tree which is endemic to the Indian subcontinent and has been introduced to many other areas in the tropics. It is the most important of the commercially available products of neem for organic farming and medicines.
Neem oil varies in color; it can be golden yellow, yellowish brown, reddish brown, dark brown, greenish brown, or bright red. It has a rather strong odor that is said to combine the odours of peanut and garlic. It is composed mainly of triglycerides and contains many triterpenoid compounds, which are responsible for the bitter taste. It is hydrophobic in nature; in order to emulsify it in water for application purposes, it is formulated with surfactants.
Azadirachtin is the most well known and studied triterpenoid in neem oil. The azadirachtin content of neem oil varies from 300ppm to over 2500ppm depending on the extraction technology and quality of the neem seeds crushed. Nimbin is another triterpenoid which has been credited with some of neem oil's properties as an antiseptic, antifungal, antipyretic and antihistamine.[1] Neem oil also contains several sterols, including (campesterol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol).
Neem oil, also called neem seed oil or neem tree oil, is the oil pressed from the seed kernels of the neem tree. Neem is a tropical, evergreen tree that originated in India.
Neem tree fruit looks a bit like olives. It contains one seed, which in turn can have one or several kernels.
Oil is produced by crushing and pressing the kernels, and then purifying the extract.
Raw neem oil has a strong, pungent odour, often described as similar to sulphur and garlic. Yes, it definitely reeks.
Neem oil is obtained from the seeds of neem tree also known as margosa. Which grows all over the country, concentrated in areas like U.P., Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. Utilization of neem seeds is beset with the problem of organization of systematic collection and crushing of seeds. But with the ever increasing exploitation of non edible oils for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes, neem oil is gaining importance economically.
The component glycerides of neem oil are primarily those of oleic (about 57%). Stearic (about 15%) and palmitic (about 16%) aids together with small amounts of linoleic acids. Apart from these, there are non-fatty components described as "total Bi Hers" which are mixture of complex per penoids in soluble in fats and hexane and "odorous compounds" which are also constituted of complex terepenoids, which however are soluble in fats and hexane. Infact it is these constituents that characterize this oil and are responsible for its pharmaceutical properties. The neem oil is soluble in ether chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 2918 Kg./Day
Land & Building (6000 sq.mt.) Rs. 2.29 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 2.01 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 1.29 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 6.01 Cr
Rate of Return 60%
Break Even Point 45%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
COMPOSITION OF NEEM SEED
AZADIRACHTIN
❖ NIMBIN AND NIMBIDIN
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF NIMBIN AND NIMBIDIN
OCCURRENCE AND PROPAGATION OF NEEM
PROPERTIES
BENEFITS AND FIELD APPLICATION OF AZADIRACHTIN BASED PESTICIDES
PROPERTIES OF NEEM OIL
NEEM OIL PROPERTIES:
COMPONENTS WEIGHT IN FRUIT (PERCENTAGE):
AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF NEEM OIL
STANDARD PROPERTIES OF NEEM OIL
COMPOSITION OF NEEM
NEEM COMPOSITION:
A. NEEM FRUIT (FRESH):
B. NEEM SEED:
C. NEEM KERNEL OIL CONTENT:
D. OTHER INGREDIENTS:
USES OF NEEM OIL
NEEM OIL AND SKIN CARE
NEEM OIL FOR ANIMALS
MORE ABOUT USING NEEM FOR DOGS AND OTHER PETS.
RAW MATERIALS
METHODS FOR OBTAINING NEEM SEEDS
A. COLLECTION:
B. DEPULPING:
C. DRYING:
D. STORAGE:
E. PROCESSING/EXTRACTION:
USES AND APPLICATION OF NEEM
USES: ALL PARTS OF NEEM TREE ARE USEFUL
NEEM OIL APPLICATION IN SEVERAL INDUSTRIES
AGRICULTUREL USAGE OF NEEM PRODUCTS
SPRAYING:
GLOBAL MARKET OF AZADIRACHTIN
GLOBAL AZADIRACHTIN MARKET REGIONAL INSIGHTS:
GLOBAL AZADIRACHTIN MARKET, BY REGION
GLOBAL AZADIRACHTIN MARKET KEY PLAYER
FROMODUCTION DATA OF NEEM OIL IN INDIA
DOMESTIC MARKET OF NEEM AND NEEM OIL
DOMESTIC MARKETS:
MARKET OF AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE
COVID-19 IMPACT
KEY TAKEAWAYS
AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET SEGMENT – BY PRODUCT
AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET SEGMENT – BY APPLICATION
AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET SEGMENT – BY GEOGRAPHY
AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET DRIVERS
INCREASE IN USAGE OF SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR PROMOTING BIOPESTICIDES
AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE MARKET CHALLENGES
STRINGENT REGULATIONS
AZADIRACHTIN SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
DEMAND OF NEEM CAKE
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS
PROCESSING STEPS OF AZADIRACHTIN EXTRACTION
EXTRACTION METHOD OF AZADIRACHTIN
EXTRACTION WITH ALCOHOL
REFINED OR ENRICHED EXTRACTION METHOD
SOXHLET EXTRACTION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF AZADIRACHTIN EXTRACTION
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NEEM OIL
METHOD OF EXTRACTION FOR PURE NEEM OIL
PROCESS IN DETAILS
I. PROCESSING OF NEEM FRUIT AND SEED.
THE NEEM FRUITS RECEIVED GENERALLY ARE DIVIDED INTO FOUR CATEGORIES:
CLEANING OF NEEM SEEDS
1. DEPULPING AND WASHING:
DRYING:
DECORTICATOR:
B.I.S. REQUIREMENT FOR NEEM KERNELS AND DEPULPED NEEM SEEDS FOR OIL MILLING
SPECIFICATION AND TESTING OF NEEM OIL
1. SCOPE
2. TERMINOLOGY
3. REQUIREMENTS
TABLE 1 REQUIREMENT FOR NEEM KERNEL OIL AND DEPULPED NEEM SEED OIL.
4. PACKING
5. MARKING
6. SAMPLING
7. TESTS
APPENDIX A
TEST FOR COLOUR OF SOAP
A-1 GENERAL
A-1.1 APPARATUS
A-1.2 REAGENT
YIELD OF NEEM OIL AND CAKE
MATURITY STORAGE AND PRESSING OF SEEDS
ALCOHOL EXTRACTION:
RECOVERY OF ALCOHOL:
LOSS OF SOLVENT:
REFINING OF ALCOHOL EXTRACTED OIL:
ALKALI TREATMENT:
RESULTS OF THE STUDY:
FLOW CHART
ALCOHOL EXTRACTION FLOW SHEET CUM SOLVENT RECOVERY
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF NATURE NEEM UREA COATING POWDER
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT
ADVANTAGES OF NATURE NEEM UREA COATING AGENT
MODE OF ACTION
METHOD OF APPLICATION
METHODS OF NEEM COATED UREA
DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
RAW MATERIALS:-
TYPE OF NOZZLE FUNCTION OF NOZZLE
METHOD OF COATING OF UREA PRILLS WITH NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION
METHOD 1:
METHOD 2:
PREPARATION OF NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION:
DISTRIBUTION OF INGREDIENTS IN 10% NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION:
DISTRIBUTION OF INGREDIENTS IN 20 % CONE. NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION :
DISTRIBUTION OF INGREDIENTS IN 30 % CONC. NEEM OIL WATER EMULSION :
METHOD OF PREPARATION:
ANOTHER METHOD
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF NEEM SEEDS
SUPPLIERS OF N-HEXANE/ ALCOHOL
ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
SUPPLIERS OF OIL EXPELLERS
SUPPLIERS OF PULVERIZER
SUPPLIERS OF TRAY DRYER
SUPPLIERS OF SOLVENT RECOVERY EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF VIBRATING SCREENS
SUPPLIERS OF CONVEYOR BELT
SUPPLIERS OF DEHULLING EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF WATER SOFTENING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF SIEVE SHAKER
SUPPLIERS OF ULTRAFILTERS
SUPPLIERS OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION UNIT
SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS
SUPPLIERS OF GENERATOR SET (D.G. SET)
SUPPLIERS OF ESCALATORS
SUPPLIERS OF ELEVATORS
SUPPLIERS OF AUTOMATIC PACKAGING MACHINES
BUYER OF NEEM OIL
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
