GRANITE MINING
[CODE NO.3206]
The term “Granite” is derived from Latin word “Granum” meaning “grain” because of its granular nature. India is well known since time immemorial for its building and dimensional stones like Marble, Sandstone, Limestone, Slate etc. Recently granite has also been added to this list. Granite occupies a prominent place among dimensional stones on account of its hardness, durability, capability to take mirror polish and fascinating colours. As such the use of granite has increased many folds as dimensional and decorative stone all over the world and this has created a good export market for Indian Granite.
Granite has a 95% share in India’s dimensional stone export. The export of high value added items like tiles, polished slabs and monument stone has increased by over 50% average growth.
Granite is a igneous rock which is granular and phaneritic in texture. Granite is primarily composed crystals of feldspar, quartz, mica with various other minerals in varying percentage. Granites can be pink to gray in colour, depending on their chemistry and mineralogy. By definition, granite is an igneous rock with at least 20% quartz by volume. Granite differs from granodiorite in that at least 35% of the feldspar in granite is alkali feldspar as opposed to plagioclase; it is the alkali feldspar that gives many granites a distinctive pink colour. Granite is usually found in the continental plates of the Earth's crust. The crystals are generally large (a few mm); they can be seen directly on outcrops, and give granite its rough texture on weathered surfaces. If most crystals are of similar size, granite is described as even grained. If a granite contains very large crystals of feldspar (0.5 – 3.0 cm long), set in an even grained matrix, it is described as porphyritic, and the very large crystals are called phenocrysts.
The crystals in granite are large because granite crystallized slowly from molten rock (magma), over 2 km below the Earth’s surface. Where the same magma escaped upwards, and was erupted through fissures or volcanoes, it crystallized rapidly, forming small crystals or glass, and produced volcanic rocks
The colour of most granites ranges from pink to cream, white and grey, and generally reflects the colour of the dominant feldspars. Many granites contain straight, parallel-sided, cream or pink veins of pegmatite (Fig 1). This is generally a very coarse grained variety of granite that crystallized from residual granitic magma in cracks that formed during, or soon after, the solidification of the host granite
Quartz and feldspar are the dominant minerals in granite, and together make up 90% of the rock. Quartz itself generally ranges from 20-45% and feldspar up to 60% of the granite. The proportions of these minerals, and the kinds of feldspars, are used to divide granites into a number of types. Feldspars are alumino-silicates that contain a range of calcium, potassium and sodium. They are divided into two groups on the basis of these three elements: potassium or alkali feldspar, and plagioclase that itself ranges from calcium-rich to sodiumrich end members
Granite sensu stricto is rich in potassium feldspar (up to 65% of feldspars) relative to plagioclase, and has a high content of quartz (20-60%). With increasing plagioclase/ potassium feldspar ratio, and increasing calcium/sodium ratio in plagioclase, granite grades into rocks called granodiorite (plagioclase 65-90% of feldspars) and tonalite (plagioclase 90-100% of feldspars). With decreasing quartz content (quartz less than 20%), granite grades into (potassium feldspar - rich) syenite, monzonite, and (plagioclase-rich) quartz monzonite. For simplicity in this review, all these rocks of the granite family are referred to broadly as granite. They are all generally massive, coarse grained rocks, and form similar kinds of outcrops.
Granite is nearly always massive (lacking internal structures), hard and tough, and therefore it has gained widespread use as a construction stone. The average density of granite is between 2.65 and 2.75 g/cm3.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity : 60.00 Cubic Mtr./day
land & Building : Rented
Plant & Machinery : Rs. 2.31 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months : Rs. 3.69 Cr
Total Capital Investment : Rs. 6.36 Cr
Rate of Return : 40%
Break Even Point : 75%
INTRODUCTION
TYPE OF INDIAN MULTI COLOUR GRANITE
(1) INDIAN AURORA GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF INDIAN AURORA VYARA GRANITE:
INDIAN AURORA GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
AVAILABLE FINISHES OF BROWN GRANITE INDIAN AURORA:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF INDIAN AURORA GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS INDIAN AURORA GRANITE:
(2) CORAL RED GRANITE
CORAL RED GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
AVAILABLE FINISHES OF RED GRANITE CORAL RED GRANITE:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF CORAL RED GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS CORAL RED GRANITE:
CATS EYE RED GRANITE
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF CATS EYE RED GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS CATS EYE RED
(3) EAGLE RED GRANITE
EAGLE RED GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
AVAILABLE FINISHES OF RED GRANITE EAGLE RED GRANITE:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF EAGLE RED GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS EAGLE RED GRANITE:
(4) MAGDI RED GRANITE
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF MAGDI RED GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS MAGDI RED GRANITE:
(5) RUBY RED GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF RUBY RED FROM SOUTH INDIAN GRANITE:
RUBY RED GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
AVAILABLE FINISHES OF RED COLOR GRANITE RUBY RED
GRANITE FROM SOUTH INDIA:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF RUBY RED GRANITE FROM SOUTH INDIA:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RUBY RED GRANITE:
(6) PARADISO BASH GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF PARADISO BASH INDIAN GRANITE:
PARADISO BASH GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF PARADISO BASH GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS PARADISO BASH GRANITE: AVAILABLE
ON REQUEST
(7) PEARL WHITE GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF PEARL WHITE INDIAN GRANITE:
PEARL WHITE GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF PEARL WHITE GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS PEARL WHITE GRANITE:
AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
(8) BLUE PEARL GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF BLUE PEARL INDIAN GRANITE:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF BLUE PEARL GRANITE:
GRANITE COMPOSITION
TYPES OF GRANITE
GRANITES CLASSIFY THEM IN THREE OR FOUR CATEGORIES:
GRANITE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
NOMINAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS OXIDES
GRANITE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(1) POROSITY/PERMEABILITY
(2) THERMAL STABILITY
(3) COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION
(4) VARIEGATION
(5) HARDNESS
USES AND APPLICATIONS
(1) GRANITE FLOORINGS
(2) GRANITE FURNITURE
(3) GRANITE COUNTER TOPS
(4) GRANITE MONUMENT
(5) GRANITE TABLE TOPS
(6) GRANITE STEPS
APPLICATION
SCULPTURES AND MEMORIALS.
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET POSITION
PRIME VARIETIES OF INDIAN GRANITE
MARKET DEMAND
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW
COLOUR GRANITE
MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
FOREIGN EXCHANGE FLUCTUATIONS
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
DEMAND GROWTH
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
DEMAND DRIVERS
GROWTH IN GROSS CREDIT DEPLOYMENT
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
PRICE TRENDS
COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
GRANITE
RESOURCES
PRIME VARIETIES OF INDIAN GRANITE
EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTION
MINING
PROCESSING INDUSTRY
USES & SPECIFICATIONS
USES
SPECIFICATIONS
POLICY
ENVIRONMENT
WORLD REVIEW
FOREIGN TRADE
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
FUTURE OUTLOOK
TYPES OF MULTI COLOUR GRANITE
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF GRANITE BLOCK
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MINING OF GRANITE
MINING
MINING PROCESS
GENERAL
METHOD OF QUARRYING
THE MAIN STEPS ARE GIVEN BELOW
(1) TOPSOIL REMOVAL:
(2) OVERBURDEN REMOVAL:
OVERBURDEN IS REMOVED BY DIGGING
(3) SEPARATION OF PRIMARY BLOCKS FROM OTHER ROCK:
(4) SUBDIVISION OF LARGE PRIMARY BLOCKS INTO SECONDARY BLOCKS:
(5) DRILLING:
(6) WIRE SAW CUTTING:
(7) LOADING:
(8) TRANSPORT:
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
GENERAL:
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN BEFORE THE START/RE-START
OF QUARRYING ACTIVITY: BEFORE START/RE-START OF THE
PROPOSED QUARRYING ACTIVITY
(1) LAND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT:
(2) GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT:
(3) WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT:
(4) AIR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT:
(5) SITE SECURITY:
(6) NOISE EMISSION CONTROL:
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING THE OPERATIONAL
PHASE OF THE QUARRY
(1) AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
(2) NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL
(3) WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
(4) SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING THE CLOSURE STAGE
OF THE QUARRY:
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENTS
HYDRAULIC EXAVATOR
SUPPLIERS OF HYDRA CRANE
SUPPLIERS OF JACK HAMMER DRILL
SUPPLIERS OF WIRE SAW MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MINING TOOLS
SUPPLIERS OF TIPPER TRUCK
AIR COMPRESSOR
APPENDIX – A:
1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET