BIODIESEL MANUFACTURING PLANT (CAP: 10,000 LTR./DAY)
[EIRI/EDPR/4786] J.C.: 3006XL
Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by Transesterfication of vegetable oil or animal fat (tallow), which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles. Biodiesel is distinguished from the straight vegetable oil (SVO) (sometimes referred to as "waste vegetable oil", "WVO", "used vegetable oil", "UVO", "pure plant oil", "PPO") used (alone, or blended) as fuels in some converted diesel vehicles. "Biodiesel" is standardized as mono-alkyl ester.
Biodiesel is an environmentally safe, low polluting fuel for most diesel internal combustion and turbine engines. Can be mixed with petroleum diesel fuel and stored anywhere petroleum is. It is made from fresh or waste vegetable oils (triglycerides) that are a renewable energy source.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 10,00 Ltr/Day
Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) Rs. 3.58 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 3.30 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 2.46 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 9.88 Cr
Rate of Return 27%
Break Even Point 51%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
FIGURE. TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS TO
YIELD FATTY ACID ALKYL ESTERS (BIODIESEL)
BIODIESEL A RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY
CHALLENGES WITH USING BIODIESEL
SPECIFICATION OF BIO DIESEL
SOURCE OF OIL
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
FEED STOCK OF BIO DIESEL
APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGE OF BIO DIESEL
ADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS PROCESS:
OIL SEED CROPS FOR BIODIESEL
SOYBEANS
RAPESEED AND CANOLA
CAMELINA SEEDS (LEFT) AND CANOLA SEEDS
MUSTARD
CAMELINA
SAFFLOWER AND SUNFLOWER
WARM CLIMATE FEEDSTOCKS
JATROPHA
CASTOR BEAN
POTENTIAL OILSEED CROPS
IN ADDITION TO OIL SEED CROPS, BIODIESEL CAN BE PRODUCED FROM
USED AND WASTE OIL
ANIMAL FATS
ALGAE
USED AND WASTE OIL AND GREASE FOR BIODIESEL
USED COOKING OIL
TRAP GREASE
CONVERTING USED OIL AND TRAP GREASE TO BIODIESEL
ACID PRE-TREATMENT
GLYCEROLYSIS
SOLID ACID CATALYSTS
SUPERCRITICAL REACTORS
FUTURE OF BIO DIESEL IN INDIA
THE FUTURE OF BIOFUELS IN INDIA
ETHANOL:
BIODIESEL:
BIOGAS:
THE GLOBAL BIOFUEL SCENARIO
UNITED STATES:
BRAZIL:
EUROPEAN UNION:
CHINA:
IMPORTANCE OF BIOFUELS FOR INDIA
ENERGY SECURITY:
ECONOMIC BENEFITS:
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT:
WASTE MANAGEMENT:
BIOFUELS AND CLIMATE CHANGE
REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS:
CARBON SEQUESTRATION:
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE:
OPPORTUNITIES FOR FARMERS
DIVERSIFICATION OF INCOME:
UTILIZATION OF MARGINAL LANDS:
AGRO-INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION:
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT:
BIOFUELS AND GLOBAL WARMING
LIFECYCLE EMISSIONS:
INDIRECT LAND USE CHANGE (ILUC):
ADVANCED BIOFUELS:
IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT AND GDP
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION:
RURAL DEVELOPMENT:
GDP GROWTH:
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES:
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS:
PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT:
GOALS AND POLICIES SUPPORTING BIOFUEL FUTURE IN INDIA
NATIONAL POLICY ON BIOFUELS (2018):
ETHANOL BLENDING PROGRAM (EBP):
PRADHAN MANTRI JI-VAN YOJANA:
GOBAR DHAN SCHEME:
SCENARIO OF INDIAN BIO DIESEL MARKET
FEEDSTOCK:
INDIA BIODIESEL MARKET
TYPE:
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY:
REGIONAL INSIGHTS:
INDIAN BIODIESEL MARKET
INDIA'S TRANSPORTATION SECTOR DRIVING BIODIESEL DEMAND
REDUCING CRUDE OIL DEPENDENCY
GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT PAVING THE WAY
PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BIODIESEL INDUSTRY
SECTORED INSIGHTS AND KEY PLAYERS’ MOVEMENTS
INVESMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN BIO DIESEL
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
BIO-DIESEL (B 100) BLEND STOCK FOR DIESEL FUEL - SPECIFICATION
1 SCOPE
2 REFERENCES
3 REQUIREMENTS
4 PACKING AND MARKING
5 SAMPLING
LONG-TERM STORAGE OF BIO-DIESEL
A-1 SCOPE
A-2 TERMINOLOGY
A-3 FUEL SELECTION
A-4 FUEL ADDITIVES
A-5 TESTS FOR FUEL QUALITY
A-6 -FUEL MONITORING
A-7 FUEL STORAGE CONDITIONS
RAW MATERIALS
PROPERTIES AND TEST OF BIODIESELS FROM MULTIPLE FEED STOCKS
FUEL PROPERTIES TESTS
TABLE. METHODS FOR TESTING PROPERTIES OF BIODIESELS
PROPERTIES OF BIODIESELS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 86 — DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 93 — FLASH-POINT BY PENSKY
-MARTENS CLOSED CUP TESTER
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 97 — POUR POINT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 130 — DETECTION OF COPPER CORROSION FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY THE COPPER STRIP
TARNISH TEST
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 240 — HEAT OF COMBUSTION
OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS BY BOMB CALORIMETER, BTU/LB
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 445 — KINEMATIC VISCOSITY
OF TRANSPARENT AND OPAQUE LIQUIDS
TABLE. D 482 — ASH FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 524 — RAMSBOTTOM CARBON RESIDUE
OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 613 — CETANE NUMBER OF DIESEL
FUEL OIL (RESULTS FROM WILLIAMS LAB)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 613 — CETANE NUMBER OF DIESEL
FUEL OIL (RESULTS FROM CSM)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 664 — ACID NUMBER OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 971 — INTERFACIAL TENSION OF OIL AGAINST WATER BY THE RING METHOD
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1091 — STANDARD TEST METHODS
FOR PHOSPHORUS IN LUBRICATING OILS & ADDITIVES, WEIGHT PERCENT
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1094 — WATER REACTION OF
AVIATION FUELS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1160 — DISTILLATION OF
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AT REDUCED PRESSURE
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 1298 — SPECIFIC GRAVITY - BY
HYDROMETER METHOD
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1322 — SMOKE POINT OF
KEROSENE AND AVIATION TURBINE FUEL
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1796 — WATER AND SEDIMENT
IN FUEL OILS BY THE CENTRIFUGE METHOD (LABORATORY PROCEDURE)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1959 — IODINE VALUE OF DRYING
OILS AND FATTY ACIDS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 2274 — STANDARD TEST METHOD
FOR OXIDATION STABILITY OF DISTILLATE FUEL OIL (ACCELERATED METHOD), MG/100 ML
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 2500 — CLOUD POINT OF
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 2622 — TEST METHOD FOR SULFUR IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY X-RAY SPECTROMETRY
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 2624 — ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
OF AVIATION AND DISTILLATE FUELS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 3231 — STANDARD TEST METHOD
FOR PHOSPHORUS IN GASOLINE, PPM
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 3241 — THERMAL OXIDATION
STABILITY OF AVIATION TURBINE FUELS (JFTOT PROCEDURE)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 3242 — ACIDITY IN AVIATION
TURBINE FUEL (TOTAL ACID NUMBER)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 4539 — FILTERABILITY OF DIESEL FUELS
BY LOW-TEMPERATURE FLOW TEST (LTFT) (COLD FILTER PLUGGING POINT)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 4629 — TRACE NITROGEN IN LIQUID PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY SYRINGE/INLET OXIDATIVE
COMBUSTION AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 5191 — VAPOR PRESSURE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (MINI METHOD)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 5291 — INSTRUMENTAL
DETERMINATION OF CARBON, HYDROGEN AND NITROGEN IN
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND LUBRICANTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 6078 — STANDARD TEST METHOD
FOR EVALUATING LUBRICITY OF DIESEL FUELS BY THE SCUFFING
LOAD BALL-ON-CYLINDER LUBRICITY EVALUATOR (SLBOCLE)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 6217 — STANDARD TEST METHOD
FOR PARTICULATE CONTAMINATION IN MIDDLE DISTILLATE FUELS BY LABORATORY FILTRATION
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR CHRISTINA PLANC METHOD
TABLE. TOTAL FATTY ACIDS, %
TABLE. CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, OXYGEN ANALYSIS
TABLE. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS
BIODIESEL/DIESEL BLEND TESTING
TESTING METHODOLOGY
TABLE. CERTIFICATION DIESEL FUEL LOT D-434 PROPERTIES
TABLE. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TESTS OF BIODIESEL BLENDS
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND PROBLEMS
TABLE. BIODIESEL SPECIFICATIONS (JULY 1996)
(FOR PURE MONO ALKYL ESTERS OF LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS
DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE LIPID FEEDSTOCKS)
IN SUMMARY, THE BASIC PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS ARE
THE FOLLOWING:
TECHNOLOGY OF BIODIESEL
BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCKS ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THEIR FREE
FATTY ACID CONTENT AS FOLLOWS:
COMMERCIAL BIODIESEL TECHNOLOGIES CAN BE GROUPED AS FOLLOWS:
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF EACH MAJOR TECHNOLOGY FOLLOWS
A TYPICAL INPUT/OUTPUT STREAM IS SHOWN BELOW.
INPUT STREAMS:
OUTPUT STREAMS:
CONTINUOUS VERSES BATCH PROCESS FOR BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION
METHOD OF BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF BIO-DIESEL
SCHEMATIC OF BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION
SEQUENCES IN BIO DIESEL MANUFACTURING
TRANSESTERIFICATION:
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BIO DIESEL IN DETAILS
PROCESS IN DETAILS
PRETREATMENT
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION
PROCESSING WITH ACID OIL FEED STOCK
PROCESSING WITH FATTY ACID FEED STOCK
PROCESSING WITH PLD OILS SUCH AS PALM STEARINE FEED STOCK
BIODIESEL FUEL QUALITY
SPECIFICATIONS DEMYSTIFIED
FLASH POINT
WATER AND SEDIMENT
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY
SUBSTITUTING FOR µ IN ABOVE EQUATION, WE GET:
FIGURE 2: VISCOSITY TREND LINES FOR METHYL ESTER AND ETHYL
ESTER GC STANDARDS AT 40°C: (□) EES AND (O) MES.
(SOURCE: ALLEN ET AL. (1999))
SULFATED ASH
PISTON RING DEPOSITS FROM STRAIGHT VEGETABLE OIL PHOTO: EXTENSION AG ENERGY.
SULFUR
COPPER STRIP CORROSION
CETANE NUMBER
CLOUD POINT
CARBON RESIDUE
ACID NUMBER
FREE AND TOTAL GLYCERIN
CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM
PHOSPHORUS CONTENT
SODIUM AND POTASSIUM
OXIDATIVE STABILITY
COLD SOAK FILTRATION
TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF BIODIESEL
OXIDATION
CONTACT WITH WATER
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION
PREVENTING BIODIESEL FROM FREEZING
TRANSPORTING BIODIESEL
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
WASTEWATER
ION EXCHANGE RESINS
MAGNESIUM SILICATE (MAGNESOL)
USED OIL SEDIMENT
GLYCERIN
COMPARISON OF BIODIESEL AND DIESEL SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE. COMPARISON OF BIODIESEL SPECIFICATIONS AND
ASTM D 975 SPECIFICATIONS
CATALYSTS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
BIODIESEL BLENDS
SWOT ANALYSIS OF BIO DIESEL
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
OPPORTUNITY
THREAT
SUPPLIER OF RAW MATERIAL
ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
SUPPLIERS OF BIODIESEL PLANT
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
