ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE [3564]
Zinc sulphate is a widely used chemical and has been known under the name of "White Vitriol". Although Zinc Sulphate (mono hydrate) occurs in nature in small quantities as mineral Glosarite, this compound is normally manufactured synthetically. It is the colourless white free flowing powder. It exists in powder form of hydrates as, ZnSo4.H2O. Zinc sulphate is also found in three hydrates forms whose molecular formulas are ZnSo4.4H2O,ZnSo4.H2O. The unstable hydrates are more soluble than stable form. The solubility of the unstable hydrate is 58.7 gm in 10gm of water at 18oc while stable shows only 52.7 gm in 100 grams. The important & popular commercial form of the compound is ZnSo4.7H2O Heptahydrated (21%), & ZnSO4. H2O. In 1978 Mr. P.N. Thakar and Mr. N.S. Randhewa of Punjab Agriculture University Ludhiana worked on "Micronutrients in Indian Agiculture" and established the areas of Zinc deficiency based on sail test and crop responses. In reference to Bihar state they found that zinc deficiency varies from 25% to 75% and even more of the normal value. It was also shown that the response of zinc sulphate was good for rice potato tea in particular and for all the cereals as a whole. The process used for the manufacture of zinc sulphate on commercial scale is simple but technical grade salt can be produced by treating zinc ash or zinc dross (a waste by product form galvanizing units) with sulphuric acid and then filtering the slurry followed by concentration of the dilute zinc sulphate solution and finally during the crystals of ZnSo4.7H2O are separated form mother liquor in a high speed centrifuge crystallizer. The product is then dehydrated to ZnSo4.H2O. For analytical reagent grade Zinc sulphate the salt is preferably produced from using zinc metal as the starting raw material because it is having the wide range of applications as fertilizers, rayon pulp, paper, paint & varnish, textile processing pigments, calico printing etc. It is having the high demand in the market, It is the third most important compound of zinc in comparison of zinc oxide and zinc dust. Zinc sulphate is available in technical, pharmaceutical & Chemically pure grades. It is sold as solid, as ZnSo4.H2O or Znso4.7H2O and also as a solution of zinc sulphate. Zinc sulphate is the most widely used zinc salt of any inorganic acid. Its major use is probably in viscose rayon fibre manufacture. As the viscose filament are ejected from the spinners they enter a complex precipitating bath to promote cremulation. It is also used in textile dyeing & printing. The second largest use is in agriculture and animal nutrition. To correct zinc deficiency in soils it is applied to the soil alone or in fertilizers or incorporated pesticides sprays. In animal nutrition it is used as a trace element in feeds. Pure zinc sulphate solution is required for many purpose particularly for the preparation of lithophone zinc sulphide, phosphorous and for the extraction of zinc by electrolytic refining. In a replicated experiment on wheat-groundnut experiment on wheat groundnut rotation in a sandy loam soil of punjab agricultural University. Ludhiana zinc was applied in the form of zinc sulphate at the rate of 0, 2.8 5,6 and 11.2 kg/ha directly to wheat and the residual effect was studied on groundnut. From these results it may be observed that in the first and second years the response to 2.8 kg zinc was 3.2 and 2.2 g/ha and it also increased further with higher rate of zinc application. In subsequent years. However, the differences became smaller through still the effect of zinc was noticeable. In 49 field trials conducted in Andhra Pradesh on cultivators, fields, it was observed that 50 kg. Znso4, on an average, gave a yield increase of 1.9 to 6.2 g/ha.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 15 MT/Day
Land & Building (4000 sq.mt) Rs. 2.17 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 2.60 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 1.92 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 6.90 Cr
Rate of Return 20%
Break Even Point 65%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
USES & APPLICATIONS
RESPONSE OF GROUNDNUT TO ZINC APPLICATION
DIRECT AND RESIDUAL EFFECT OF APPLIED ZINC ON YIELD,
ZINC CONCENTRATION AND TOTAL UPTAKE OF ZINC BY GROUNDNUT
CROP AND AVAILABLE ZINC STATUS OF SOILS.
MICRONUTRIENTS REQUIREMENTS OF DIFFERENT CROPS
MARKET SURVEY
CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF ZINC SULPHATE
INSTALLED CAPACITY, PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION OF ZINC SULPHATE
APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF ZINC SULPHATE
ESTIMATED DEMAND OF ZINC SULPHATE
EXPORT DATA OF ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE
IMPORT DATA OF ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF ZINC SULPHATE
BUYERS ADDRESSES OF ZINC SULPHATE
OVERVIEW OF ZINC FERTILIZER
ZINC DEFICIENCY IN SOILS AND PLANTS
SOIL AND PLANT ANALYSIS
TREATMENT OF ZINC DEFICIENT SOILS AND PLANTS
ZINC FERTILIZER COMPOUNDS TABLE. ZINC CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
ZINC FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS
BENEFITS AND IMPACTS OF ZINC FERTILIZERS TABLE. YIELD INCREASE AND BENEFIT-TO-COST RATIO ON SOME KEY CROPS IN INDIA
CONCLUSION
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF ZINC SULPHATE
THE GLOBAL ZINC SULPHATE MARKET BY TYPES IS CLASSIFIED INTO:
THE GLOBAL ZINC SULPHATE MARKET BY APPLICATION IS CLASSIFIED INTO
ROLE OF ZINC SULPHATE IN SOIL APPLICATION
ZINC (ZN)
ROLE:
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS:
DOSE AND APPLICATION METHOD:
CROP RESPONSE:
SPECIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE
SPECIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE
SPECIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
SCOPE
REQUIREMENTS
REQUIREMENT FOR ZINC SULPHATE AGRICULTURAL GRADE
PACKING & MARKING
SAMPLING:
METHODS FOR TEST
FOR ZINC SULPHATE AGRICULTURAL GRADE
TESTING & SPECIFICATION FOR CERTIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE AGRICULTURAL GRADE
ZINC SULPHATE, HEPTAHYDRATE
AGRICULTURAL GRADE
PROPERTIES OF ZINC SULPHATE, HEPTAHYDRATED (21%) (ZNSO4 7H2O)
PROPERTIES OF THE ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE
DENSITY:
MELTING POINT:
CRYSTALLIZATION RANGE
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
IMPORTANT DETAILS OF ZINC SULPHATE
MARKET
ZINC SULPHATE (ZNSO4)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
APPLICATION
ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE 28%
ZINC SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 21%
ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE 33%
PLANT LOCATION
RAW MATERIAL POSITION IN INDIA
PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC SULPHATE
COMPOSITION OF ZINC ASH:
METALLIC IMPURITIES LIKE PB.CD, CU, NI, CO. AL, ETC.
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE (POWDER) (33%)
REACTION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
OTHER PROCESSES
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC SULPHATE
GENERAL SPECIFICATION OF ZINC SULPHATE
HEPTAHYDRATE 21%
ZINC SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE 33%
PACKING
PLANT LAYOUT
COMPLETE PLANT
AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS ON TURNKEY
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
ZINC ASH
SULPHURIC ACID
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SPRAY DRYER
REACTORS
FILTER PRESS
STORAGE TANK
PULVERIZERS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
