TOUGHENED GLASS
[EIRI/EDPR/1625] J.C. 428
INTRODUCTION
Toughened glass is a type of soda-lime-silica glass with a sheet thickness 4-12 mm. The sheet has a central tensile stress of 500-1200 kg/cm2 and a ratio of surface compressive stress to central tensile stress of 2:1 to 4:1. The article is toughened by heat exchange with an oil (or chilled air) in which these is maintained from 0.01 - 0.07% liquid. The boiling point liquid may be an organic liquid such as carbon tetrachloride, methanol, benzene, toluene, trim ethyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or Xylene etc.
The toughened glass is described as a type of glass which has been mechanically strenghen by a thermal process in which a layer of compression has been introduced at the surface.
There are several glass items introduced into early ages of the century.
Toughened safety glass (float or polished) is produced by subjecting glass to a process of heating and rapid cooling so as to induce high compressive stresses in the surface sones balanced by high tension in the central place. This treatment endows the glass with greatly increased resistance to external forces, such as mechanical loading and thermal shock. If toughened safety glass is fractured, it gives fragments which are less liable to cause severe cuts than fragments of ordinary glass.
Thus toughened safety glass, if fractured, disintegrates into small pieces and in addition, its liability to fracture under the action of external forces or changes of temperature is greatly reduced.
Laminated Toughened Safety Glass:-
A product consisting of two or more pieces of toughened safety glass firmly united to and alternating with one or more pieces of reinforcing material known as "Interlayer" or "Interleaf". The adhesion should be such that fracture will not cause the glass to separate from the interlayer to any substantial extent and the glass will not break into large fragments capable of causing severe injury.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 2000 sq.ft/Day
Land & Building (6000 sq.mt.) Rs. 8.00 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.99 Cr
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 3.10 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 13.14 Cr
Rate of Return 17%
Break Even Point 63%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
MARKET POTENTIAL
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TOUGHENED GLASS
USES AND APPLICATIONS
USES & APPLICATIONS FOR TOUGHENED GLASS TRAY
BULLET PROOF/TOUGHENED GLASS TRAY DETAILS
PROPERTIES & CHADRACTERISTICS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TOUGHENED GLASS
DIMENSIONS FOR TOUGHENED SAFETY GLASS USED WITH ROUND WINDOWS
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS
FLOW SHEET
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF TOUGHENED/BULLET PROOF GLASS
TOUGHENED (OR TEMPERED) GLASS
TECHNICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SODA-LIME FLAT GLASSES
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY (IMPORTED)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
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