SUNFLOWER OIL WITH GROWING UNIT
[CODE NO.3488]
Sunflower is generally known as common sunflower and Botanically known as Helianthus annuus. It is an annual herb with erect, rough, hairy stem, 2-15 ft. high; leaves 4-12 in. long, alternate, long stalked, broadly ovate to cordate, coarsely toothed, roughly pubescent on both sides; flower heads usually 3-6 in. wide, but attaining 12-24 in. width under cultivation: glowers single or double, terminal on the main axis and branches: receptacles flat, more frequently dilated and convex: ray florets yellow, surrounding a brown purple centre of disc florets; seeds (achenes) cylindrical, obovoid-compressed, 3/8 in. long and 4 in. broad, white, black or striped grey and black; pappus falling early. Sunflower is self-sterile and fertilization is normally effected by insects.
H. annuus is not known in the wild state. it is considered to have originated from H. lenticularis Douglas, a wild plant indigenous to Mexico. H. annuus has long been grown as an ornamental plant and both annual and perennial types are found in gardens. A number of forms with single or double flowers, in yellow, golden and red shades have been developed by intensive breeding work. Some well-known horticultural forms are: var. californicus Hort.; var. citrinus Hort.; var. globosus-fistulosus Hort.; and var. variegatus Hort. Selections have also been obtained from H. debilis Nutt. (syn. H. cucumerifolius Torr. & Gray), an annual, short-statured species with shining foliage and strongly bicoloured rays, quite different from those of H. annuus. A collarette form resembling collarette Dahlia has been obtained from a culture of red sunflower. There are also on record hybrids obtained by crossing annual and perennial species of helianthus.
Though cultivated mainly as a garden plant, sunflower owes its economic value to its utility as an oil-seed or fodder crop. It was tried long ago as an oil-seed crop in Caucasus and Ukraine and has now become well established in Russia and the Balkans. In recent years, it has gained importance as an oil-seed crop in Argentina, U.S.A. and Canada. Other countries where it is grown to some extent for oil are China, Turkey, Italy, France, Chile and Uruguay; it is also raised on a small scale in England, eastern and southern Africa and pars of Asia and Australia.
Sunflower oil is the non-volatile oil pressed from the seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Sunflower oil is commonly used in food as frying oil, and in cosmetic formulations as an emollient. The world's total production of sunflower oil in 2014 was nearly 16 million tons, with Ukraine and Russia as the largest producers.
Sunflower oil is a monounsaturated (MUFA)/polyunsaturated (PUFA) mixture of mostly oleic acid (omega-9)-linoleic acid (omega-6) group of oils. The oil content of the seed ranges from 22% to 36% (average, 28%): the kernel contains 45–55% oil. The expressed oil is of light amber color with a mild and pleasant flavor; refined oil is pale yellow. Refining losses are low and the oil has good keeping qualities with light tendency for flavor reversion. The oil contains appreciable quantities of vitamin E, sterols, squalene, and other aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Genome analysis and development of hybrid sunflowers to increase oil production are occurring to meet increased demand for sunflower oil.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity : 1,20,00,000 Ltrs/Annum
land & Building (6667 Hectar) : Rs. 4.90 Cr
Plant & Machinery : Rs. 6.00 Cr
Working Capital for 3 Months : Rs. 10.93 Cr
Total Capital Investment : Rs. 24.05 Cr
Rate of Return : 47%
Break Even Point : 35%
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF SUNFLOWER OIL
NUTRITION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
USES AND APPLICATION OF SUNFLOWER
USES AND APPLICATION OF SUNFLOWER OIL
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
IN FOOD PREPARATION
SEED MEAL
SUPPLEMENTS
AS FUEL
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF SUNFLOWER OIL
MARKET TAXONOMY
VARIETY OF SUNFLOWER
METHOD OF SUNFLOWER GROWING
CLIMATE
SOIL
SOWING
SPACING
SOWING DEPTH & METHOD
SEED RATE
SEED TREATMENT
WEED CONTROL
HARVESTING:
POST HARVEST
GROWING DETAILS OF SUNFLOWER
SPECIFIC AREAS OF ADAPTATION:
LENGTH OF GROWING SEASON:
PLANTING DATES
ROW WIDTH AND PLANT POPULATION
CULTURAL PRACTICES
FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS
TABLE. SOIL NITRATE AND FERTILIZER NITROGEN NEEDED
TO PRODUCE PROJECTED YIELDS OF SUNFLOWERS.
WATER-IRRIGATION NEEDS:
GUIDE TO GROWING SUNFLOWER
COMMON PROBLEMS GROWING SUNFLOWERS
GROWING CONDITIONS
PLANTING SUNFLOWER SEEDS
PROTECTING SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS
THINNING THE SEEDLINGS AND SUPPORTING GROWTH
UNDERSTANDING SUNFLOWER POLLINATION
SUNFLOWER PESTS AND DISEASES
PEST MANAGEMENT OF SUNFLOWER FARMING/GROWING
MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL
INSECTS
SUNFLOWER MOTH
HOMOEOSOMA ELECTELLUM
CARROT BEETLE
BOTHYNUS GIBBOSUS
MAJOR DISEASE PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL
DISEASES
DOWNY MILDEW
CONTROL
RUST
CONTROL
SCLEROTINIA STALK AND HEAD ROT
CONTROL 60
VERTICILLIUM WILT
CONTROL 61
PHOMA BLACK STEM
CONTROL 62
ALTERNARIA LEAF AND STEM SPOT
MINOR DISEASES
SEPTORIA LEAF SPOT
POWDERY MILDEW
CHARCOAL ROT
RHIZOPUS HEAD ROT
MAJOR WEEDS AND THEIR CONTROL
DRYING & STORAGE GUIDELINES FOR SUNFLOWER
GUIDELINES FOR DRYING SUNFLOWER ARE:
TABLE 3. DRYING OILSEED SUNFLOWER USING 47 DEGREES
FAHRENHEIT AIR WITH A RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF 65 PERCENT.
MEASURING MOISTURE CONTENT.
STORAGE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SUNFLOWER OIL PRODUCTION
OIL-TYPE SUNFLOWER SEED IS NORMALLY PROCESSED ACCORDING
TO THESE STEPS:
CLEANING THE SEEDS
GRINDING THE SEEDS:
PRESSING
EXTRACTION OF THE ADDITIONAL OIL
REMOVAL OF SOLVENT TRACES
REFINING OF THE OIL
SUNFLOWER PROCESSING FOR OIL EXTRACTION
EXTRACTION
DESOLVENTIZING
OIL REFINING AND PROCESSING
SUNFLOWER SEEDS SELECTING
PROCESS FEATURES
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF REFINED SUNFLOWER OIL
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF SUNFLOWER OIL
DETAILS OF SUNFLOWER OIL EXTRACTION FOR SEEDS
OIL PROCESSING
OIL MODIFICATION
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINER
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINER (IMPORTED)
APPENDIX – A:
1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET
