SOLAR WATER HEATER (DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL)
[EIRI/EDPR/1584] J.C. 381
INTRODUCTION
A Solar Water Heater is a device which provides hot water for bathing, washing, cleaning, etc. using solar energy. It is generally installed at the terrace or where sunlight is available and heats water during day time which is stored in an insulated storage tank for use when required including mornings.
A Solar Water Heater comprises of a or an array of solar collectors to collect solar energy and an insulated tank to store hot water. Both are connected to each other. During the day time, water in solar collectors gets heated which is either pumped or flown automatically on thermosyphon principle to the storage tank. Hot water then stored in the tank can be used for various applications.
Two types of Solar Water Heaters are available; one based on flat plate collectors and the other based on evacuated tube collectors. Flat plate collector (FPC) based systems are of metallic type and have longer life as compared to Evacuated tube collector (ETC) based system because ETCs are made of glass which are of fragile in nature.
Both these systems are available with and without heat exchanger. They can also work with and without pump. Systems without pump are known as thermosyphon systems and those with pump are known as forced circulation systems.
ETC based systems are cheaper than FPC based system. They perform better in colder regions and avoid freezing problem during sub-zero temperature. FPC based systems also perform good with anti-freeze solution at sub zero temperature but their cost increases. In other regions, both perform equally good.
Systems working on thermosyphon principle are simple and relatively inexpensive. They are suitable for domestic and small institutional applications, provided water quality is good and it doesn’t have large chlorine contents. Forced circulation systems are generally preferred in industries or large establishments.
At places where water is hard and have larger chlorine content, if FPC based system is being installed, it must be with heat exchanger as it will avoid scale deposition in copper tubes of solar collectors which can block the flow of water as well reduce its thermal performance. ETC based systems will not block the flow of water but its performance may go down due to deposition of salt contents on inner surface of glass tubes, which could be cleaned easily once in a year or so.
The growing demand for energy throughout the world has caused great importance to be attached to the exploration of raw sources that have been studied, solar energy holds out much promise. The scientific basis for the utilization of solar energy by man was acquired some years ago, but until recently it was not considered technologically feasible to make use of it on a large scale. However the energy crisis and the continued search in the area of solar energy, focused international attention on recent advances in solar energy techniques which open up the prospect of supplying in a convenient and economical manner a significant part of man's energy needs before the end of this century. Already in our country small scale applications are at work and steadily gaining new markets.
Solar radiant energy could be used for man's use by converting it into a desirable form of energy either thermal or electrical energy. For better utilization of solar energy proper selection of energy converts, either solar collects or solar cells is necessary depending upon the requirements. Solar collectors are the heart of the solar energy into thermal energy. In general, conversion of solar radiant energy into useful thermal energy can be made by a) flat plate collectors b) concentrators and c) evacuated tube collectors. Depending upon the application and required temperature range, any one of the above collectors can be used.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 1350 Nos/Year
Land & Building (1500 sq.mt.) Rs. 1.53 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.25 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 2.27 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 5.39 Cr
Rate of Return 25%
Break Even Point 64%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES
USES AND APPLICATIONS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET POSITION OF SOLAR WATER HEATER
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF SOLAR WATER HEATER
QUALITY CONTROL FOR SOLAR WATER HEATER
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PRODUCTION FLOW FOR OUTER COVER
PRODUCTION FLOW FOR INNER COVER
PRODUCTION FLOW FOR SUPPORT BOX
PRODUCTION FLOW INNER TANK
PRODUCTION FLOW FOR OUTER TANK
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)