Manufacturing Technology of Rosins, Turpentines, Pine Oil, Menthol, Camphor, Terpenes and Derivatives with Processing and Formulations

Preface

Pines are known to mankind from the time immemorial. It offers both direct uses, as well as indirect uses specially soil conservation. Initially it was used mainly for fuel; their branches were used for festivals etc. Pines besides being a source of valuable timber, pulpwood, yield pitch, tar, rosin, colophony and turpentine, collectively known as naval stores, a term coined to these owning to their use for construction and maintenance of sailing vessels as sealing compounds for their wooden hulls. The genius pine species tapped for their oleoresin in different countries. A variety of oleoresins are extracted from various plants. Pine oleoresin being the most important one is extracted from pine trees. Turpentine and rosin are two constituent parts of the pine oleoresins. The composition of turpentine varies considerably according to the species of pine exploited. More and more specialised uses are being found for pine resin products, particularly those of high quality. Turpentine derived from pine resin is also used as a source of aroma chemicals in flavour and fragrance industry. Pinewood chemicals are effectively gained from the trees in three principal ways; treatment of exuded gum from living pines, processing the wood stumps and wastes of aged trees and treatment of black liquor obtained as a byproduct in wood pulp industry. There are two steps involved in production of oleoresin; olustee gum cleaning process and recovery of turpentine and rosin: batch and continuous process. The panorama of base catalysed isomerisations of terpenes is an important part of aroma chemistry. Major contributions in this area are presented here under sections on hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and epoxides. Tall oil is a by product of the pine wood use to make sulfate pulp. Tall oil products find use in many product applications because of their economy and ready availability. The principal industrial applications of tall oil products are numerous; adhesives, carbon paper, detergents, driers, drilling fluids, oils, gloss oils, paper size, plasticizers, printing inks, soaps, textile oils etc.

Some of the fundamentals are pine oleoresin extraction methods, occurrence, formation and exudation of oleoresin in pines, processing of oleoresin, rosin derivatives and its potential, new developments in rosin ester and dimer chemistry, terpene based adhesives, effect of solvent, ozone concentration and temperature on yields were investigated, sylvestrene and some of its derivatives, homopolymers and copolymers of acrylates, polymers and copolymers of vinyl pinolate, base catalysed isomerisations of terpenes, components of pine roots, insecticides based on turpentine, the general characteristics of dimer acids, structure and properties of dimer acids etc.

The present book has been published having in views the important uses of pines. The book contains manufacturing process of different products extracted from pines like oleoresin, rosin, turpentine derivatives, tall oil, resins and dimer acids etc. This is the first book of its kind which is very resourceful for all from researchers to professionals.

 

Contents

 

Wood Rosin

Process of Refining Wood Rosin

Esters of Pine Wood Pitch

 

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity 

of essential oil of pine cones of Pinus armandii

Chemical Composition of The Oil of Pinus 

Resin Products from Pines

 

Process for the manufacturing of turpentine, pine oil and rosin from woody materials rich in oleoresin

 

Structural Determination

Menthol and Carvone

Bicyclic Monoterpenoids

Synthesis of A-Santalol

Production of a-Terpineol from a-Pinene

Menthol

Camphor

Synthesis and Characterization of Isolongifoline 

and Acetyl longifoline

Terpene Resins in Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

Terpene phenolic resins

 

Phenol-terpene-cyclic polyolefin polymer

 

The Insecticides Obtained from Turpentine

.Pine oil cleaning composition

Terpene Polymer                 

 

Tackifier resin composition and process

 

Hot Melt Coating Composition Containing Polyterpene,Terpene Resins

 

Liquid Polymers of Turpentine

 

Flourinated Terpene Compounds

Adhesives tackified with low molecular weight 

terpene-phenolic resins

 

Terpene halo-alkyl-ether-amine condensation product

 

Process for preparing a floral odorous perfume

 

Phenolic-modified rosin terpene resin

 

Resins from thiophene and turpentine

 

Synthetic Camphor Manufacturing

 

Menthol Oil From Leaves And Menthol Crystals (Peppermint)

 

Spray Drying of Menthol And Peppermint Oil

 

Project Profile of Turpentine Oil

 

Camphor Tablets

 

List of Tables

List of Figures