Water makes life possible, and it is difficult to imagine any programme for human development or improvement that does not pre-suppose or require a readily available supply of water. Globally there may be potentially enough water to meet forthcoming needs. But frustratingly, it tends to be available in the wrong place, at the wrong time or with the wrong quality. And in one way or other, all societies are served with an adequate and safe water supply. Less than 30% of the world's population has access to piped water. The rest of the people rely on wells, rivers and other sources. Most of these water sources are open to contaminated by pathogenic organism. Where there is no water, there is no life and where there is contaminated water, there is a short life expectancy and a high incidence of disease and sufferings. There are no permanent rivers in Qatar. Direct and indirect recharge of groundwater from rainwater forms the main natural internal water resource.Two-thirds of the land surface is made up of some 850 contiguous depressions with interior drainage and with catchment areas varying from 0.25 km2 to 45 km2 and with a total aggregate area of 6 942 km2. While direct recharge from rainfall might take place during very rare heavy storms, the major recharge mechanism is an indirect one through runoff from surrounding catchments and the pounding of water on the depression floor. Surface runoff typically represents between 16 and 20 percent of rainfall. Of the amount reaching the depressions, 70 percent infiltrates and 30 percent evaporates. The average annual groundwater recharge from rainfall is estimated internally at 55.9 million m3/year. In 2010, total water withdrawal was estimated at 444 million m3, of which 262 million m3 or 59 percent for agricultural purposes, 39 percent for municipal purposes and 2 percent for industrial use. Desalinated water provides 99 percent of the drinking water. Of the total reused treated wastewater of 43 million m3, 26 percent was supplied to Doha to be used for landscape irrigation, the remaining part being conveyed via pipelines for irrigation of forage crops in two farms. All water used for irrigation is pumped from wells and from the sewage treatment plants to the farms and Doha. There is no pricing system and water is given free to the farmers. As in any other arid region, agriculture in Qatar is not possible without irrigation. The part of land suitable for irrigation that can be considered when assessing irrigation potential depends on the future availability of alternative sources of water, because groundwater is already being depleted at the recorded present rate of abstraction. In 2004, there were 1 192 registered farms in the country, of which 945 were actually operative. The area equipped for irrigation was estimated at 12 935 ha, while 6 322 ha were actually irrigated, which is 49 percent of the equipped area. In 1993 the area equipped for irrigation was 12 520 ha, of which 8 312 or 66 percent was actually irrigated. Most of the water used in irrigation is primary groundwater, with very low water use efficiency. The water is pumped from the wells via pipelines with a conveyance efficiency of about 90 percent. However, the application efficiency is estimated at 50 percent, thus making the overall irrigation efficiency 45 percent.So pipe line is necessary to connect the irrigation area to increase the yield and foreign exchange. Over 30% of Qatar's rural population does not have access to safe drinking water. Villagers have to trek for miles to get water. It is estimated hat at least 4 million people are living at risk in about 34,000 cholera-ndemic, villages and small towns. The magnitude of the problem is so normous that it is essential to have a high performance and low cost scheme to convey extensively the water now available to as many villages as possible. Such as a system is now possible with PVC pipelines. PVC can replace conventional materials like steel, cast iron and asbestos cement and in advanced countries it has already done so.
P.V.C. FLEXIBLE PIPES (EIRI-0995)
Cost Estimation (All Fig. in US$)
Plant Capacity 600 KGS/Day
Land and Building (Area 8000 sq.mt.) US$ 13.70 Lacs
Plant & Machinery US$ 1.21 Lacs
W.C. for 3 Months US$ 1.05 Lacs
Total Capital Investment US$ 16.21 Lacs
Rate of Return 14%
Break Even Point 61%
• EIRI can modify the Capacity of the Project and Total Capital Investment as per your requirement.
• Note: The project investment cost and capacity are subject to change without any notice. Future projects may have different values of project cost and capacity.
MARKET SURVEY CUM DETAILED TECHNO
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT covers
- InIntroduction
- Polyvinyl chloride
- Preparation
- Properties
- B.i.s. Specifications
- Uses and applications
- Properties advantages and limitation
- Plasticizer efficiency and properties of flexible pvc
- Advantages of using pvc pipes
- Raw materials
- Market & scope
- Global pvc consumption
- Western europe
- North america
- Global market projections
- Why is pvc harder to replace?
- Export statistics
- Manufacturers/exporters/suppliers of pvc flexible pipe
- Compounding of polyvinyl chloride
- Methods of compounding
- Process of manufacture
- Process flow sheet for the manufacture of pvc pipes
- Plant layout
- Different processes used commercial lt
- Description
- Examples
- Flexible, chlorine free multilayered tubing
- Styrene block three-layered tubing
- Eva three-layered tubing
- Emaa three-layered tubing
- Abc three-layered tubing
- Flexible laminated plastic pipe having a chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) hollow core
- Methods
- The drawings
- Description
- Flexible pipe connector
- Suppliers of pvc flexible pipe making machinery
- Suppliers of plant & machinery
- High speed mixer
- Dies and moulds
- Scrap grinder
- Weighing equipments
- Testing & quality control equipment
- Suppliers of raw materials
- Lubricants/processing aids, pigments & stabilizers
- Manufacturing of dioctyl phthalate
- Chlorinated paraffin wax
APPENDIX
1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET
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