PRECIPITATED SILICA
[EIRI/EDPR/1393] (J.C.: 169)
INTRODUCTION
Precipitated Silica (also called particulate silica) is composed of aggregates of ultimate particles of colloidal size that have not become linked in massive gel network during the preparation process.
It is an amorphous form of silica, the word amorphous denotes a lack or crystal structure, as defined by x-ray difraction. Early interest in amorphous silica was urely academic.
It was reported in 1640 that amorphous silica in the presence of excess alkali become a liquid and that subsequent neutralization of the liquid with acid caused precipitation of silica. In 1861 it was found that a silica sol formed a hydrogen if the solution was not stabilized by dialysis to remove electrolytes.
Amorphous silica can be broadly divided into three categories. Vitreous silica or glass made by fusing quartz, Silica made inadiating either amorphous or crystalline silica with high speed neutrons & Micro amorphous silica. Micro amorphous silica includes sols, gels powders & porous glasses, all of which are composed of ultimate particles or structural units less than 1/um. in diameter. These silica have high surface area, generally greater than 3m2/g. Micro amorphous silica can be further divided into microparticulate silica microscopic sheets & fibers & hydrated amorphous silica. The microparticulate silica are the most important group commercially & include pyrogenic silicas & silicas precipitated from aqueous solution.
Pyrogenic silicas are formed at high temperature by condensation of Sio2 from the vapour phase, or at lower tern by chemical reaction in the vapour phase followed, by condensation. Silica formed in aqueous solution can occur as sols, gels or particles. A gel has a three-dimentional, Continuous structure, where as a sol is a stable dispersion of fine particles. Macroscopic particles are formed by aggregation of smaller particles from either a gel or so.
Amorphous silica is precipitated from super saturated solution obtained by concentrating an under saturated solution a hot saturated solution, or generating Si(OH)4 of silica ester SiH4, Sis2, Sicl4 or Si.
Precipitated Silica prepared by the action of acid on a solution of soluble silicate are of fine controlled particle size & porous in nature. Precipitated silica powders have a more open structure with higher volume than dried pulverized gels. The physical & chemical properties or precipitated silica vary according to the manufacturing process. Ultimate & ggregate particle size in silicas precipitated from solution can be varied by reinforcement & control of suspension PH., temperature & salt content. The particle size in pyrogenic silicas is controlled by combustion conditions. The surface area as determined by nitrogen adsorption, is a function of particle size.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 10 MT/Day
Land & Building (5000 sq.mt.) Rs. 7.46 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.41 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 2.35 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 11.73 Cr
Rate of Return 17%
Break Even Point 61%
CONTENTS
PRODUCT INTRODUCTION
MARKET SURVEY
PROPERTIES OF SODIUM SILICATE
PROPERTIES AND USES
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF PRECIPITATED SILICA
CHARACTERIZATION OF PRECIPITATED SILICA MORPHOLOGY
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
OTHER RELATED INFORMATIONS
PRECIPITATED SILICA
REINFORCED PRECIPITATED SILICA
MICROPOROUS PRECIPITATED SILICA
READILY DISPERSIBLE PRECIPITATED SILICA
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
