PETROLEUM JELLY
[EIRI/EDPR/1087] J.C.: 9731
INTRODUCTION
Petroleum is a plastic, semisolid, unctuous hydrocarbon mixture derived from heavy residual lubricating oil fractions of petroleum. It is essentially a colloidal system in which the solid hydrocarbon components are the external continuous phase and the liquid hydrocarbons are the internal phase i.e the liquid hydrocarbon are in the form of discrete droplets within the solid phase. Petroleum may be considered as micro crystalline wax which has absorbed the oil, resulting in an amorphous swollen jelly like mass. It was this physical state that provided its origin name "Petroleum jelly' which term is still used for the grades of petroleum prepared for pharmaceutical application.
Natural petroleum contains protosubstance which prevents the separation of the liquid from the hydrocarbon, while synthetic are unstable and are prone to oil separation and are likely to assume a granular structure in storage and also, the synthetic products change viscosity more suddenly with change of temperature than do the natural material.
Natural petroleum is chemically inert salve like emollient substance which could be refined to be essentially odourless colourless and tasteless, though petroleum jelly a highly refined varies in colour from colourless to yellow. Semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons derived from dewaxing of heavy paraffin base lubricating oils; 90-200 SVs at 99 deg.C.
It is an excellent carrier for medicants whose efficacy depends on their being maintained on the skin for an extended period without period itself being readily absorbed. Petroleum does not irritate the skin and is not easily washed away by the sweasting of life tissues. Petroleum has a unique feauture of fibre characterisitics which is apparent in the finished and ointment strongly and sticky.
Petroleum waxes are broadly classified into two types paraffin and microcrystalline. Paraffin waxes distill at temperatures less than about 850oF and are thus components of light paraffin distillates. The higher boiling intermediates and heavy paraffin distillates and paraffinic residual oils contain microcrystalline waxes. When light paraffin distillates are cooled, the wax separates in large, plate-like crystals. Cooling of the heavier distillates and residual oil does not produce obvious crystals; the wax separates as very small particles (microcrystals) which cause the oil to set to a paste or a jelly. A mixture of 30 to 50 percent heavy oil and microcrystalline wax forms petrolatum or petroleum jelly.
Petrolatum is a colloidal suspension of microcrystalline waxes in heavy oil with melting points ranging from 1100 to 135oF. About a dozes grades varying chiefly in hardness and colour are available. The dark brown and black grades are less refined and are used to waterproof plasterboard liners, greaseproof butchers wrapping paper, waterproof canvas and to treat mineral wool to reduce dust. Pharmaceutical grades range from amber to white and vary is consistency to suit various medicinal and cosmetic manufacturing needs.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 2 MT/Day
Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 1.79 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 65.00 Lac
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 1.32 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 4.07 Cr
Rate of Return 30%
Break Even Point 49%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
MARKET SURVEY
ESTIMATED DEMAND
CURRENT MARKET POSITION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
OIL SECTOR: RECENT TRENDS
LPG POSITION
REFINING CAPACITY ESTIMATES
DEMAND FOR NATURAL GAS
FUEL SALES IN INDIA
OIL PRICES
DIESEL POSITION
LPG DEMAND, PRODUCTION AND IMPORTS
INDIA'S OIL TRADE
OIL IMPORTS
CRUDE OIL: IMPORT DEPENDENCE
MEASURES NEEDED
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PETROLEUM JELLY
USES OF PETROLEUM JELLY
PROPERTIES
INDUSTRIAL PETROLATUM:
TABLE
PROPERTIES OF PETROLATUM FROM TANK BOTTOMS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
PACKINGS:
FORMULATIONS:
WHITE PETROLEUM JELLY-->
SOLIDIFIED LUBRICANTS:--
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SYNTHETIC PETROLATUM
BASIS: 500 KG
PLANT LAYOUT
PETROLEUM JELLY CREAM
EXAMPLE 1
A COSMETIC EMULSION ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT METHOD IS OUTLINED BELOW
EXAMPLE 2
A FURTHER COSMETIC EMULSION ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT METHOD IS OUTLINED BELOW
EXAMPLE 3
A STILL FURTHER COSMETIC EMULSION ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT METHOD IS OUTLINED BELOW
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC PETROLEUM JELLY
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 5
WATER DISPERSIBLE PETROLEUM JELLY COMPOSITIONS
OIL PHASE PREPARATION
WATER PHASE PREPARATION
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
THE FOLLOWING FORMULATION WAS MADE AS PREVIOUSLY DESCRIBED:
PETROLEUM JELLY WITH ALPHA HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
THE FOLLOWING FORMULAS ILLUSTRATE TYPICAL COMPOSITIONS ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT METHOD
VEGETABLE DERIVED PETROLEUM JELLY REPLACEMENT
EXAMPLE 1
TABLE 1
INGREDIENT WEIGHT PERCENT
EXAMPLE 2
TABLE 2
INGREDIENT WEIGHT PERCENT
GOLDEN GATE MICHCA INC.
EXAMPLE 3
TABLE 2
INGREDIENT WEIGHT PERCENT
EXAMPLE 4
TABLE 4
INGREDIENT WEIGHT PERCENT
EXAMPLE 5
TABLE 5
INGREDIENT WEIGHT PERCENT
COMPLETE PLANT AND MACHINERY AND TURNKEY SUPPLIERS FOR PETROLEUM JELLY
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
WHITE OILS
PARAFFIN WAX
MICRO CRYSTALLINE WAX
BALL CLAY
SUPPLIERS OF MACHINERY
MIXER
TANKS
AGITATOR
FILTER PRESS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
