ORGANIC FARMING
[EIRI/EDPR/1099] J.C: 9743
INTRODUCTION
Vegetation like all living things requires certain foods for its survival and growth. For this purpose fertilizers or farming are the materials to be added to the soil and sometimes to foliage to supply nutrients to sustain plants and promote their abundant and fruitful growth. The elements that constitute these plants foods are divided into three classes.
1. Primary Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (usually expressed as P2O5) and potassium (expressed as K2O)
2. Secondary - calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and Sulphur (S)
3. And Minor or so called micro nutrients iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), boron (B) and molybdenum. In addition to their role as nutrients calcium and magnesium are important in adjusting the pH and filth of the soil.
Most of the farming of organic origin (animal or plant) contain several plant nutrients (particularly N & P as well as smaller quantities of K and trace elements) although in considerably lower concentration than in inorganic fertilizers organic farming however should be valued not only for their nutrient content but rather for thin beneficial effect on the soil. The organic matter promotes the microbial processes in the soil, improves the soil structure, aeration and water holding capacity. It has a regulating effect on the soil temperature, delays the fixation of mineral phosphoric acid and supplies organic decomposition acid and supplies organic decomposition products. Which aid the growth. Moreover, it is a source of slow and uniformly active nitrogen and consequently has a beneficial influence on the protein content of plants.
By virtue of these properties, organic farming often create the condition necessary for the successful use of inorganic fertilizers. It is only the co-operation of organic manures which improve the soil properties on the one hand and the inorganic fertilizers which supply plant nutrients on the other, those ideal environmental conditions can be provided for the crop.
Organic substance which have a very low nitrogen content or a high C/N ratio, can given rise temporarily to nitrogen deficiency in plant and consequently reduce the yield. The micro organism requires certain quantities of nitrogen for the breakdown of the organic matter in the soil, and if these are not present in adequate amounts in the organic matter, they withdraw from the soil, the micro organism require the nitrogen for building up their iron body substance. It is only after the death of the micro-organism that this temporary fixed nitrogen is set free again.
All the nutrient elements are prevent to some extent in soil or other natural materials in forms useful for the plants but, with the frequent exception of micro-nutrients such supply in generally not adequate for sustained aid economic production of crops.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 15,000 MT/Annum
Land & Building (3000 sq.mt.) Rs. 3.31 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 47.45 Lac
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 1.35 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 5.53 Cr
Rate of Return 24%
Break Even Point 56%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF ORGANIC FARMING
PROPERTIES
USES & APPLICATIONS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET POSITION WITH FUTURE DEMAND
PLANS TO AUGMENT SUPPLIES
FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY AND FOOD PRODUCTION
RAW MATERIALS
PROCESS OF MANUFACACTURE
FROM FARMYARD FARMING:-
COMPOSTING:-
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOST
COMPOSTING PLANT
COMPOSTING SYSTEM
EXAMPLE
ORGANIC COMPOST
EXAMPLE 1
METHOD FOR COMPOSTING SLUDGE
VERMICULTURE COMPOSTING DEVICE
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPOSTING SOLID WASTE AND SLUDGE
METHODS FOR TREATING AGRICULTURAL WASTE AND PRODUCING PLANT GROWTH-ENHANCING MATERIAL
EXAMPLE 1
GLADIOLI BULB EXPERIMENT
EXAMPLE 2
GLADIOLI BULB EXPERIMENT
EXAMPLE 3
METHOD OF BUTANE ENHANCED SUNFLOWER PLANT GROWTH IN SAND
EXAMPLE 4
METHOD OF BUTANE ENHANCED CORN GROWTH IN SAND USING BUTANATED WATER
COMPOST GRANULATION METHOD
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
STORAGE TANKS
SEPARATOR
COOLING TANK
FILTER PRESS
PULVERIZER
GRINDING MILLS
BOILER
TRAY DRYER
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)