LIQUID BROMINE
[CODE EIRI/EDPR/3701]
It is a deep red fuming liquid, member of the halogen elements as Group VII of the periodic table that is liquid at ordinary temperature and pressure. A rare element bromine is found in, nature dispersed throughout the earth crust only in compounds such as soluble and insoluble bromides. The chief commercial source of bromine is ocean water, from which the element is extracted by means of chemical replacement (oxidation) by more active chlorine. Bromine has traditionally been manufactured as a byproduct from saline mother liquors (bitterns) left after the crystallization of the main salt products.
The properties of bromine are significantly different from those of fluorine and chlorine. Discovered in the early 19th century, in the form of its salts (bromides) in the bitterns remaining after evaporating sea water and extracting the sodium chloride, it was obtained latter from stassfurt, Germany, as a by product in the production of potassium salts and from other deposits and salt lakes.
Its main use was originally for bromides in medicine still a minor use. Bromine first because of industrial importance with the development of modern photographic process, in which the light sensitive material is an emulsion of minute particles of silver bromide (together with silver chloride or iodide or both) in gelatine.
For a time, the expanding world automobile industry. Threatened a scarcity of bromine, obtained from brines, which contained about 0.5 % bromine. To meet the demand, it was necessary to turn to sea water which contains about 70 ppm bromine.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 10 MT/Day
Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) Rs. 1.87 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 2.10 Cr
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 3.07 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 7.35 Cr
Rate of Return 48%
Break Even Point 43%
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES
USES & APPLICATION
USES AND SOURCES OF BROMINE
SOURCES OF BROMINE
MARKET OVERVIEW OF BROMINE
BROMINE MARKET DEMAND & REVENUE
IMPORT DATA OF LIQUID BROMINE
EXPORT DATA OF LIQUID BROMINE
RAW MATERIAL SECTION
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION FOR CHLORINE HANDLING
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
SCOPE
REQUIREMENTS
TABLE - 1: REQUIREMENTS FOR BROMINE, TECHNICAL
PACKING & MARKETING
PACKING
MARKING
SAMPLING
ANALYSIS OF BROMINE, TECHNICAL
DETERMINATION OF BROMINE
DETERMINATION OF CHLORINE
DETERMINATION OF NON-VOLATILE MATTER
TEST FOR IODINE
ZINC DUST
TEST FOR SULPHATES
SAMPLING OF BROMINE, TECHNICAL
NUMBER OF CONTAINERS TO BE DRAWN FOR SAMPLING
LOCATION OF THE PLANT
HEALTH & SAFETY FACTORS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF LIQUID BROMINE
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF BROMINE
BROMINE-GENERATING STEP
BROMINE SEPARATION STEPS
1. CONDENSATION
2. SEPARATION
3. PURIFICATION AND DRYING
PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS
PROCESS IN DETAILS OF BROMINE PRODUCTION
THE BROMINE-GENERATING STEP
RESIDUAL ORGANIC MATTER FOUND IN DEAD SEA WATER
SIDE-REACTIONS OCCURRING IN THE REACTION TOWER
1. CONDENSATION
2. SEPARATION
3. PURIFICATION
MANUFACTURE OF LIQUID BROMINE
PROCESS DETAILS
THE FOUR PRINCIPAL STEPS IN BROMINE PRODUCTION ARE
STEAMING OUT PROCESS
DOW PROCESS
SAFETY IN BROMINE PLANT
SAFE HANDLING OF BROMINE LEAKAGE
SAFE STORAGE OF BROMINE
SAFE TRANSPORTATION OF BROMINE
THE BROMINE STORAGE TANK SIGN IS AS FOLLOWS:
RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF HEAT EXCHANGER
SUPPLIERS OF CONDENSER
SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION COLUMN
SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE VESSEL (STORAGE TANKS)
SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF D.G. SETS
SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS
SUPPLIERS OF EFFULENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)
SUPPLIERS OF INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
GOVT. LICENSE DETAILS FOR LIQUID BROMINE PLANT
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
