Detailed Project Report on led bulb and tube

LED BULB AND TUBE
[CODE NO.1905]


    A light emitting diode (LED) is a device which converts electrical energy to light energy. LEDs are preferred light sources for short distance (local area) optical fiber network because they: are inexpensive, robust and have long life (the long life of an LED is primarily due to its beinga cold device, i.e. its operating temperature being much lower than that of, say, an incandescent lamp),can be modulated (i.e. switched on and off) at high speeds (this property of an LED is also dueto its being a cold device as itdoes not have to overcome thermal inertia),couple enough output power over a small area to couple to fibers (though the output spectrumis wider than other sourcessuch as laser diodes).

    A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when activated.[4] When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.


COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                                   500.00 Nos./day
Land & Building (2100 Sq.Mtr)        Rs. 2.66 Cr  
Plant & Machinery                               Rs. 1.55 Cr     
W.C. for 2 Months                                 Rs. 1.10 Cr
Total Capital Investment                     Rs. 5.55 Cr          
Rate of Return                                    20%  
Break Even Point                                  64%

INTRODUCTION    
HOW LEDS PRODUCE LIGHT    
LED LAMP CHARACTERISTICS    
USES AND APPLICATION    
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS    
MARKET SURVEY    
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF LED TUBE LIGHT    
PROCESS FLOW CHART    
MANUFACTURING PROCESS    
LED MOUNTING ON PCB    
LED BULB ASSEMBLY PROCESS    
MANUFACTURING MACHINES    
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSES REPORT ON LED TUBE AND BULB    
PRODUCTION OF BULB AND TUBE EXTRUSION PARTS    
PLANT LAYOUT    
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY FOR LED TUBE AND BULB    
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL FOR LED TUBE AND BULB    


APPENDIX – A :

 1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS      
 2.      LAND & BUILDING                                      
 3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY                                  
 4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT                             
 5.      RAW MATERIAL                                         
 6.      SALARY AND WAGES                                     
 7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS                              
 8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL                                
 9.      COST OF PRODUCTION                                   
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS                               
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT                                     
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE                           
13.      INTEREST CHART                                       
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART                                   
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT                                   
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET