FERRIC AND NON FERRIC ALUM [CODE NO3667]
Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), commonly called alum, is produced as white crystals which are non-combustible and soluble in water. This dry, hydrate (Al2(SO4)3.14H2O) is 17% Al2O3 and is also sold as a 47% w/w aluminium sulfate solution which is 8% Al2O3. It is also sold in solid form as kibbled, ground or dust.
Alum are represented by the general formula R1/2 SO4, R2"(SO4)3.24.H2O. Where R and R"are respectively monovalent and trivalent radicals. They are usually the double salts of ammonium, potassium or sodium sulphate with aluminium. Chromium or iron sulphate and are readily prepared by concentrating and cooling a solution containing molecular proportions of the Component Sulphate.
Ferric and Non Ferric Alum is marketed in various grades. The cheapest grade called "alum cake". Potash alum also known as alum alumen.
Ferric alumin is aluminium sulphate containing iron obtained from the bauxite ore. Potash alum is prepared from its naturally occurring minerals such as alunite and Ratinite, but in India these do not occur in appreciable quantities. Alum was formerly prepared from alum shales by roasting them in year and leaching it out with water. Alum is now produced in India by crystallizing together equivalent produced in India by Crystallizing together equivalent proportion of potassium sulphate and aluminium sulphate. The solution is concentrated and the crystals are separated out are melted to yield lump alum or recrystalized to obtain large crystals.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 20 MT/Day
Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 1.33 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 2 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 1 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 4.54 Cr
Rate of Return 27%
Break Even Point 62%
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATION
SPECIFICATION OF ALUM
USES & APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
USES OF ALUM
THE MAIN USES OF ALUM ARE
OTHER MAJOR USES
WHAT HAPPENS AT A WATER TREATMENT PLANT?
TREATMENT TO REMOVE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE (NON FERRIC)
NON FERRIC ALUM
NON FERRIC ALUM - PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
NON FERRIC ALUM - PRODUCT APPLICATION
NON FERRIC ALUM - BENEFITS
SPECIFICATION OF ALUMINUM SULPHATE
(NON-FERRIC ALUM) (SLABE/LUMPS/POWDER)
(FERRIC ALUM) (SLABE/LUMPS)
FERRIC & NON-FERRIC ALUM PLANT
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
THE RAW MATERIALS ARE FOR FERRIC ALUM FOR NON FERRIC
ALUM (ALUMINUM SULPHATE)
SPECIFIC RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTION (FOR ALUM CONTAINING
ALUMINA AS AL2O3 16 %)
QUANTITY REQUIRED DAILY FOR 25 TPD ALUM PLANT
RAW MATERIALS
BAUXITE
THE RANGE OF COMPOSITION OF BAUXITES IS USUALLY
THE BEST FRENCH WHITE BAUXITE CONTAINS
MARKET SURVEY
MARKET OVERVIEW OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
INDIAN DEMAND FOR ALUM
INSTALLED CAPACITY PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION OF ALUM
APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF ALUM
ESTIMATED DEMAND
GLOBAL SCENARIO OF ALUM
IMPORTANT GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC & NON FERRIC ALUM
PROCESS OUTLINES FOR ALUMINIUM SULFATE MANUFACTURE
RAW MATERIALS
STEP 1 - REACTING THE RAW INGREDIENTS.
STEP 2 - MAKING THE FINAL PRODUCT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NON FERRIC ALUMINIUM SULPHATE (ALUM)
CHEMICAL REACTION
HEATING AND COOLING REQUIREMENTS
HEATING REQUIREMENT
COOLING REQUIREMENT
DETAILED PROCESS DESCRIPTION
(A) BAUXITE PREPARATION SECTION
(B) REACTION SECTION
WASTE & EMISSION'S
PACKING & MARKING
PACKING
MARKING
REQUIREMENT FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE (NON FERRIC)
METHODS OF TEST FOR ALUM, NON FERRIC (ALUMINIUM SULFATE)
QUALITY OF REAGENTS
PREPARED SAMPLE
DETERMINATION OF INSOLUBLE MATTER
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
CALCULATION
DETERMINATION OF PH
PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS
APPARATUS
REAGENTS
STANDARD LEAD SOLUTION
PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF IRON
APPARATUS
REAGENTS
BUTANOLIC POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE SOLUTION
STANDARD IRON SOLUTION
PROCEDURE
TEST FOR CHLORIDES
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC
PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF THE AMMONIUM SALTS OUTLINE OF THE METHOD
APPARATUS
REAGENTS
NESSLER SOLUTION
STANDARD AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF ALUMINIUM
GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
REAGENTS
PROCEDURE
EDTA METHOD
REAGENTS
ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL
ACETIC ACID
AMMONIUM ACETATE BUFFER SOLUTION
PROCEDURE
DETERMINATION OF SODIUM
DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM
SAMPLING OF ALUM, NON FERRIC (ALUMINIUM SULPHATE)
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF SAMPLING
SCALE OF SAMPLING
TABLE 2 SCALE OF SAMPLING
PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLES
NUMBER OF TESTS
CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY
SEQUENCES IN ALUM MANUFACTURE
BLOCK DIAGRAM TO PRODUCE ALUMINIUM SULPHATE NON FERRIC (17% TO 18%) ALUMINA CONTENT IN GRANULES (2MM TO 4MM) AND FLAKES FORM
ALUM (FERRIC AND NON-FERRIC)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
WHAT IS ALUM AND HOW DOES IT CONTROL ALGAE?
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FERRIC ALUM
GRADE 3
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NON-FERRIC ALUM
METHOD OF PRODUCING ALUMINIUM SULFATE SOLUTION
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
CARCINOGEN STATUS
COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
FIRST AID MEASURES
GENERAL INFORMATION
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
HANDLING AND STORAGE
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
TRANSPORT INFORMATION
PLANT LAYOUT
COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC & NON-FERRIC ALUM PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
TO GET REQUIRED CERTIFICATION & OTHER FORMALITES
FOR EXPORTING NON FERRIC ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
ADDRESSES OF CONSULTANTS
ADDRESSES OF PILOT PLANT SUPPLIERS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL (INDIAN)
BAUXITE
SULPHURIC ACID
BARIUM SULPHIDE
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS (GLOBAL)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
REACTOR
EVAPORATORS
GRADING SCREEN/ VIBRATING SCREEN
COOLING TOWERS
BOILERS
CRUSHER
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (IMPORTED)
APPENDIX – A
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
