EXTRACTION OF JASMINE ESSENCE
[EIRI/EDPR/5992] J.C.: 2582,4893XL
Jasmine essential oil is extracted from the flowers by enfleurage or by slovent extraction; steam-distillation gives poor yields. As the development of perfume continues for sometime after gathering, the enfleurage process gives higher yields, nearly 2 to 3 times that obtained by solvent extraction. The latter process has, however, been found to be economical as it not only recovers practically all the odorous constituents but also saves labour charges. In the solvent extraction process, the flowers are placed in a battery of closed cylinders and the refined solvent is allowed to run through them in succession. Petroleum ether is the solvent usually employed; benzene produces a highly coloured product with a hard odoru. The solvent is recovered by vacuum distillation and the residue, consisting of odorous principles and waxes, consititutes the concrete. The absolute is obtained by separating the waxy material by treatment with high proof alcohol.
The enfleurage process was generally adopted, until recently, for the extraction of essence, particularly in France. It is the method employed in India. In this process, the perfume is absorbed by a fatty body from which it is later recovered by alcohol, acetone or other solvent. In France, where this process has been in vogue for centuries, fresh flowers are gathered and placed on glass trays smeared with refined fat ( lard or beef suet or a mixture of the two); the exhausted flowers are daily replaced by fresh flowers, till the fat becomes fully saturated with the perfume. The pomade obtained is extracted with alcohol and the extract distilled to give the absolute. Treated flowers, which still retain some perfume, are extracted with pertroleum ether to yield a second-grade product.
The yield of concrete, varies from 0.28 to 34% . There is a 45-53% yield of absolute and a 10 to 19% content of steam distillable substances. The yield of absolute obtained by enfleurage is mich higher. The yield and quality of the perfume depend upon several factors: flowers gathered from high altitudes give a product of superior quality; those gathered early in the morning yield more oil of a finer aroma than those picked at noon or in the afternoon; those gathered in warm and sunny weather give a better yield and quality of perfume than those collected in cloudy or rainy weather. Flowers should be processed immediately after harvest and the temperature of extraction kept as low as possible.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 10 kg/Day
Land & Building (1000 sq.mt.) Rs. 15.00 Lacs
Plant & Machinery Rs. 13.45 Lacs
Working Capital for 2 Month Rs. 1.08 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 1.39 Cr
Rate of Return 56%
Break Even Point 47%
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES
USES
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET OVERVIEW OF ESSENTIAL OIL
100% EXPORT ORIENTED UNITS (100% EOU)
A 100% EXPORT ORIENTED UNIT WOULD IMPLY:-
SIA
APPLICATION
EXPORT PROMOTION ORGANIZATION (OTHER THAN EPCS
/COMMODITY BOARDS)
GUIDANCE/CLARIFICATIONS
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS
OF ESSENTIAL OILS
ESSENTIAL OIL AND ITS CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS:
EXTRACTION METHODS OF ESSENTIAL OIL
STEAM DISTILLATION PROCESS
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
CO2 EXTRACTION
THE CO2 EXTRACTION PROCESS
DETAILS OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHOD
CONCRETE AND RESINOID
ABSOLUTE
CO2 EXTRACTION
SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE) OF ESSENTIAL OIL
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION CONDITIONS
DETAILS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION
PUMPS
PRESSURE VESSELS
PRESSURE MAINTENANCE
COLLECTION
HEATING AND COOLING
PROCESS OUTLINE TO MANUFACTURE ESSENTIAL OIL
FOR EXAMPLE
PERCENTAGE EXTRACTED USING SUPER CRITICAL FLUID
EXTRACTION SYSTEM
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
STORAGE LAYOUT:
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:
SAFETY:
PLANT EXPANSION:
FLOOR SPACE:
UTILITIES SERVICING:
BUILDING:
MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT:
RAILROADS AND ROADS:
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE
SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
SPECIFIC FACTORS
6. TRANSPORTATION:
A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TOTAL LOAD:
8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
ROTARY WASHER
PULVERIZERS
STRAINERS
STORAGE VESSEL
WEIGHING MACHINE
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
D.G. SETS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
FLOWERS
GLASS BOTTLES
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (GLOBAL)
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
