ESSENTIAL OILS MANUFACTURING
[EIRI/EDPR/1682] J.C. 503
INTRODUCTION
Importance of using super critical fluid in extraction of essential oils from flower, herbs and spices.
In modern times interest is growing in solvents that are high pressure intermediate density super critical fluids. The solvent power of such fluids can be changed by varying the density and less energy is required to separate solute from solvent than with conventional vaporization of liquids.
Super critical fluid extraction is a hybrid unit operation utilizing the advantages of both distillation and liquid extraction. It has the benefit that slight changes is the temperature and pressure in the critical region cause extremely large changes is the solvent density and thus its dissolving power.
In comparison with conventional processes, SCF (Super Critical Fluid Extraction) offers considerable flexibility for an extractive flexibility for an extractive separation using the variables of pressure, temperature choice of solvent and additives called entrainers.
Heavy non-volatile substances dissolve in supercritical fluids (dense gases, compressed gases, super critical gases, high pressure gases), typically 2-7 orders of magnitude is excess of the amount based on the ideal gas low. This is due to the high density of the fluid, which can approach that of a liquid. Thus SCF offers both high solubility extraction based on the enhancement of vapour pressure and heavily complete solvent extract separation which is accomplished by reducing the solvent density to the gaseous state.
Essential oil also called etheral or volatile oils are volatile odoriferous bodies of an oily character derived mostly form vegetable sources. They occur in small concentrations in special cells, glands or ducts, either in one particular organ of the plant or distributed over many part e.g. leaves, barks, roots, flowers or fruits. Occasionally, they are present in combination with sugars, as glycosides, e.g. amyodalin in bitter almonds and sinigrin in mustard seeds and are liberated when the glycosides are hydrolyzed. Essential oils are insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol, either, fatty oils and mineral oils.
They are commonly liquid at ordinary temperature and some of them deposit solid matters on standing most of the essential oils are optically active, are lighter than water and possess high refractive index. They are composed of a number of chemical compounds:- Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes Ketones, Oxides and lactones etc.
M. Indica is found largely in the greater part of India upto an altitude of 1200 M. Its bark is dark colour and cracked. Its leaves are clustered near the ouds of the branches. It is coriaceous, pubescent when young almost glabrous when mature the flowers of this tree are dense fasciles near ends of branches. They may be small, calyx, corolla tubular and fleshy.
M. Indica is found in mixed deciduous forests, usually of a somewhat dry type, often growing on rocky and sandy soil and turning on the deccan trap. It is common throughout central India, Mumbai and Andhra Pradesh. It is also common in the drier type of sal forests in Madhya Pradesh. It is much planted in the plains of northern India and Deccon peninsula when forest land is cleared for cultivation, mahua trees are carefully preserved.
COST ESTIMATION
Land & Building (8000 sq.mt.) Rs. 4.90 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 2.50 Cr
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 6.83 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 14.52 Cr
Rate of Return 59%
Break Even Point 29%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
USES AND APPLICATIONS
PATCHOULI – A MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANT
FEATURES AND APPLICATION OF PATCHOULI OIL
PROPERTIES OF PATCHOULI OIL
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PRECAUTION OF PATCHOULI OIL
B. I. S. SPECIFICATIONS
SPICE OIL MARKET POSITION
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF ESSENTIAL OIL
MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS, HERBS, SPICES BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID (CARBON DIOXIDE)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS USING SUPER CRITICAL FLUID METHOD
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL FLUID METHOD
PROCESS IN DETAILS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
METHOD OF EXTRACTION OF PATCHOULI OIL
STEAM DISTILLATION OF PATCHOULI ESSENTIAL OIL
DIFFERENT METHODS FOR EXTRACTRACTING ESSENTIAL OIL
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
