ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION BY USING CO2 SUPER CRITICAL PROCESS AND STEAM DISTILLATION PROCESS [3602]
Essential oil also called etheral or volatile oils are volatile odoriferous bodies of an oily character derived mostly form vegetable sources. They occur in small concentrations in special cells, glands or ducts, either in one particular organ of the plant or distributed over many part e.g. Leaves, barks, roots, flowers or fruits. Occasionally, they are present in combination with sugars, as glycosides, e.g. amyodalin in bitter almonds and sinigrin in mustard seeds, and are liberated when the glycosides are hydrolyzed. Essential oils are insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol, either, fatty oils and mineral oils. They are commonly liquid at ordinary temperature and some of them deposit solid matters on standing most of the essential oils are optically active, are lighter than water and possess high refractive index. They are composed of a number of chemical compounds:- Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes Ketones, Oxides and lactones etc. M. Indica is found largely in the greater part of India upto an altitude of 1200 M. Its bark is dark colour and cracked. Its leaves are clustered near the ouds of the branches. It is coriaceous, pubescent when young almost glabrous when mature the flowers of this tree are dense fasciles near ends of branches. They may be small, calyx, corolla tubular and fleshy. M. Indica is found in mixed deciduous forests, usually of a somewhat dry type, often growing on rocky and sandy soil and turning on the deccan trap. It is common throughout central India, Mumbai and Andhra Pradesh. It is also common in the drier type of sal forests in Madhya Pradesh. It is much planted in the plains of northern India and Deccon peninsula when forest land is cleared for cultivation, mahua trees are carefully preserved. Products derived from plants in which the odoriferous characteristics are concentrated. Essential oils are also known as “Volatile” and "etheral" oils, in contradistinction to the fixed or glyceride vegetable and animal oils and the mineral oils. Essential oils have been obtained from about eighty-seven plant families, and at times different essential oils can be secured from different parts of the same plant. For instance, the flowers of the orange tree yield oil of neroli, or oil of orange flowers; the rind yields orange oil, and another essential oil is obtained from the leaves. Classification. The essential oil can be classified in several ways. According to use, essential oils are divided into three broad classes: (1) those used for perfumery, soap, and cosmetics; (2) those used for flavouring foods and beverages; and (3) those used for therapeutic purposes. According to preparation there are five principal groups of essential oils namely, oils obtained (1) by expression, (2) by distillation, (3) by solvent extraction, (4) by counter current extraction, and (5) by enfleurage. According to sources, essential oils are classified by the eighty-seven plant families mentioned above and also by the various parts of the plant which are utilized (e.g. Fruits, seeds, bud and flowers leave and stem roots, bark, or wood). Classification according to geographical origin is also common since superior types of essential oils are produced in specific geographical areas that have favourable soil and climatic conditions. Properties. Essential oils are generally colorless to slightly yellowish when freshly distilled but when foreign matter is present, the color may range from red to blue. On standing the oils generally become darker in color. The odor of essential oils is similar to that of the portion of the plant from which they are derived; but since these odorous characteristics are much more concentrated in the essential oil, the odor is often disagreeable. The terpenes they contain are fairly readily oxidized, resulting in a turpentine odor. The specific gravity of these materials varies from 0.84 to 1.18. They are volatile at room temperature and evaporate completely when heated. Most essential oils are only slightly soluble in water; they are more soluble in sugar solutions. The principal terpeneless oils and sesquiterpeneless oils are bergamot, grapefruit, lavender, lemon, lime mandarin, orange, orrisroot, peppermint, petitgrain, and spearmint.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 3.5 Kgs/Day
Land & Building (1000 sq.mt) Rs. 1.22 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.20 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 20 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 2.69 Cr
Rate of Return 24%
Break Even Point 59%
INTRODUCTION
ESSENTIAL OILS
THERE ARE A NUMBER OF SPICES USED ALONG WITH FOOD, NAMELY
MAJOR RAW MATERIALS USED IN EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
USES AND APPLICATIONS OF ESSENTIAL OIL
ESSENTIAL OILS FOR HAIR
A. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS
JASMINE OIL
LAVENDER OIL
B. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HERBS SPIKENARD OIL (JATAMANSI OIL)
C. CINNAMON OIL
CINNAMON OIL
ZEODOARY OIL
BEST ESSENTIAL OILS IN INDIA
ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES
USE OF CORINDER OIL
USES OF ORANGE PEEL OIL (CITRUS PEEL OIL)
PHARAMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS
ANTISEPTICS
EXPECTORANTS AND DIURETICS
SPASMOLYTIC AND SEDATIVE
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
HYDROCARBON
TERPENES
MONOTERPENES [C10H16 ]
B. SESQUITERPENES
SESQUITERPENE LACTONES
C. DITERPENES
ALCOHOLS
ALDEHYDES
ACIDS
ESTERS
KETONES
LACTONES
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
SOURCES OF NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS
ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW
INDIAN MARKET SHARE OF ESSENTIAL OIL
BREAKUP OF INDIAN MARKET (2012-13)
IMPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)
EXPORT OF ESSENTIAL OIL (2013-14)
ESSENTIAL OIL MARKET OVERVIEW
DETAILED EXPORT DATA OF INDIA ESSENTIAL OILS
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
PRODUCT INSIGHTS
APPLICATION INSIGHTS
REGIONAL INSIGHTS
COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS
MAJOR PRODUCERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
MAJOR CONSUMER OF ESSENTIAL OILS
LARGEST GLOBAL MARKET PLACES FOR ESSENTIAL OIL
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
METHODS OF PRODUCING ESSENTIAL OILS
HYDRODISTILLATION
MECHANISM OF DISTILLATION
HYDRODIFFUSION
HYDROLYSIS
EFFECT OF HEAT
THREE TYPES OF HYDRODISTILLATION
WATER DISTILLATION
TRADITIONAL METHOD OF PRODUCING ATTAR USING HYDRODISTILLATION
TRADITIONAL BHATTI (FURNACE)
DISADVANTAGES OF WATER DISTILLATION
WATER AND STEAM DISTILLATION
MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS, HERBS, SPICES BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID (CARBON DIOXIDE) 67
A. EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM FLOWERS
FROM FLOWERS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS USING SUPER CRITICAL FLUID METHOD
B. FROM HERBS
1. CLEANING
2. WASHING
3. DRYING
4. DISINTEGRATION INTO SMALL CHIP
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL FLUID METHOD
6. FROM SPICES
1. CLEANING
2. DRYING
3. CUTTING INTO PIECES
PROCESS IN DETAILS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS USING STEAM DISTILLATION METHOD
METHODS OF OBTAINING GINGER ESSENTIAL OIL
STEAM DISTILLATION
EXTRACTION OF ROSE ESSENTIAL OIL
ROSE ATTAR
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF STEAM DISTILLATION PROCESS
ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
CHROMATOGRAPHIC DATA OF EUCALYPTUS OIL
FIGURE- EXPERIMENTAL SETUP OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
DETAILS OF HYPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE GAS CO2 EXTRACTION
OF ESSENTIAL OILS
CO2 HYPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES FOR SUPER CRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION PLANT
STEAM DISTILLATION PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES FOR SPICES
PULVERIZERS
LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENT
HAMMER MILLS
FILTER PRESS
ROTARY WASHER
FLUIDIZED BED DRYER
MIXER
SIEVING MACHINE
WEIGHING MACHINE
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
D.G. SETS
BOILERS
COOLING TOWER
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
FLOWERS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
