Detailed Project Report on electroforged steel grating

Detailed Project Report on electroforged steel grating
 ELECTROFORGED STEEL GRATING
[CODE NO.4056]  

It needs to be well noted that Electroforged Steel Grating is made using the process of electroforging. The square twisted rods are fused well into the main load bearing members. For this to be done, a  very special kind of a welding machine at high tonnage and current is used. There are various advantages associated with the use of electroforged steel gratings. These gratings have a high load-bearing capacity with low dead weight. These gratings are known to depict high levels of transparency. These gratings are known to be visually attractive. These gratings depict easy installation and removal of repair and maintenance. These gratings are suitable for sites and places that require natural lighting and ventilation. 

In the manufacturing process of electroforged steel gratings, the square twisted cross bars are electroforged or welded to the rectangular shape bearing bars by a process that much combines the hydraulic pressure with heavy electric current. The pre-straightened bearing bars are cut and fed directly from the attaché coils. In the manufacturing process, two crossbars are shot into the welder and placed under the electrodes by pulling hooks for simultaneous welding. 

It is important to note the types of electroforged grating: smooth surface grating as well as the serrated surface grating. The process of electroforged grating is much preferred as: it leads to homogenous combination of cross bars and bearing bars, mass production, less time consumption process, economically less cost, quality finished product,  dimensional accuracy, no air gap between welded joints, less waste, and much more. It is much beneficial as compared to manual weld grating. 

The electroforged grating process has many applications in various industries such as – pulp and paper mills, sugar mills, waste treatment plants, glass industries, poultry and cattlefeed industries, fertilizer industries, offshore platforms, coal mines, refineries and petrochemicals, cement plants, plastic industries, and many more. The technical experts resorting to this process of electroforged steel grating refer to technical load charts for technical specifications and quality assurance. 

It is worthwhile to note the features of electroforged gratings. These gratings are cross bars that are fused to different types of bearing bars to assure maximum strength and productivity. These electroforged gratings are used for walkways, steps and stairways. The steel electroforged gratings are durable and economical and are considered to be worthwhile and most versatile in nature. 

It needs to be well noted that electroforged gratings provide much rigidity and strength. Most manufacturers who are competitive in this industry manufacture economical gratings that are based upon the load and span requirements of the clients. The manufacturers of the electroforged steel grating process have wide range of different open steel floor gratings. Based on the load and span requirements, the most economical gratings are manufactured by the customers. The in-house engineering departments have the best of AUTOCAD systems that offer the best of design, detail and offering facilities to convert the structural drawing to detailed grating drawing. 

The standard electroforged gratings are typically available in 6 meter X 1 meter. These gratings can be produced with almost any combination of pitch size. The electroforged gratings are versatile depicting much strength and rigidity. The electroforged gratings are much manufactured by PLC controlled equipments which combine the high hydraulic pressure which is more than 100 tonnes and high electric current of approx 2200 AMPS to fuse the cross bearing bar into a joint which is absolutely seamless. 
   
COST ESTIMATION
   
Plant Capacity            24 MT/Day  
Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.)  Rs. 3.44 Cr    
Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 2.43 Cr 
Working Capital for 2 Months    Rs. 5.71 Cr 
Total Capital Investment          Rs. 11.86 Cr 
Rate of Return                          33%
Break Even Point                      54%
 
 
INTRODUCTION
GRATING IS COMPOSED OF FOLLOWING MEMBER
BEARING BARS
BEARING BAR TYPES
SURFACE OF LOAD BEARING BAR IS PLAIN
CROSS BARS
TYPES OF ELECTROFORGED GRATING
(A) SERRATED GRATING
(B) PLAIN GRATING
ADVANTAGES OF USING ELECTROFORGED STEEL GRATINGS
LIMITATIONS OF ELECTRO FORGE PROCESS GRATINGS
USES AND APPLICATION
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ELECTROFORGED GRATING
ELECTROFORGED PROCESS
FABRICATION OF GRATINGS:
SPOT RESSISTANCEWELDING
PRINCIPLE:
SPOT WELDING:
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
THE HOT DIP GALVANIZING PROCESS
SURFACE PREPARATION
CAUSTIC CLEANING –
PICKLING –
FLUXING –
GALVANIZING
INSPECTION
QUALITY CONTROL
INSPECTION & TESTING
FABRICATION OF GRATING
GALVANIZATION OF GRATINGS
(1) RAW MATERIAL RECEIPT
VERIFICATION OF RAW MATERIAL BY
(2) ELECTRLFORGE WELDING
VERIFICATION OF WELDING PROCESS BY
(3) CROPPING OF WELDED RODS
VERIFICATION OF CROPPING PROCESS BY
(4) CUTTING OF PANEL FOR REQUIRED SIZE
VERIFICATION OF CUTTING PROCESS BY
(5) LOOSE PART MANUFACTURING (OFFLOADED / BOUGHT OUT)
VERIFICATION OF LOOSE IN INCOMING STAGE BY
(6) FABRICATION (WELDING)
VERIFICATION OF WELDING PROCESS BY
(7) FINISHINGZ & GRINDING
VERIFICATION OF FINISHING PROCESS BY
(8) SURFACE TREATEMENT
VERIFICATION OF FINISHING PROCESS BY
(9) FINAL INSPECTION & DESPATCH
MARKET OVERVIEW
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
6. TRANSPORTATION:
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TOTAL LOAD:
8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTROFORGED GRATING
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF MILD STEEL ROD AND BAR
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS FOR ELECTRO FORGED GRATING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRO FORGED GRATING CUTTING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MULTI SPOT WELDING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF EOT CRANES
SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMER
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL PANEL
SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
SUPPLIERS OF PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF SHOT BLASTING MACHINE
 
APPENDIX – A:
 
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
 
 

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