DAIRY FARM (COW & BUFFALOE)
[EIRI/EDPR/2092] J.C.: 1009, 1202XL
INTRODUCTION
Jersey Cows
The Jersey breed originated on the Island of Jersey, a small British island in the English Channel off the coast of France. The Jersey is one of the oldest dairy breeds, having been reported by authorities as being purebred for nearly six centuries.
The breed was known in England as early as 1771 and was regarded very favorably because of its milk and butterfat production. At that early date, the cattle of Jersey Island were commonly referred to as Alderney cattle although the cattle of this island were later referred to only as Jerseys. Jersey cattle were brought to the United States in the 1850's.
Milk Production
Jersey and Jersey cross cows with milk yield capacity of 3000 to 5000 liters per lactation. (15 to 25 liters per day).
Buffalo
More than Five percent of the world's milk comes from Buffalloes. Buffalloes milk is used in much the same way as cow's milk. It is high in fats and total solid, which gives it a rich flavour. Many people prefer it to cow's milk and are willing to pay more for it. In India, where in Mumbai area alone an estimated 10,000 new born calves starved to death each year through lack of milk. The demand for Buffallo milk in India (About 60% of the milk consumed over 80% in some states) is reflected in the prices paid for a litre of milk; about 130 paisa for cow's milk compared with about 200 paisa for buffallo milk Twelve of the Eighteen major breeds of buffallo are kept primarily for milk production (although male may be used for traction & all animals are eventually used for meat.) The main milk breeds of India & Pakistan are the murrah, Nile/Ravi, Surti, Mehsana, Nagpure, & Jafarabad.
The domesticated water buffallo is one of the gentlist of all farm animals. Despite an intimidating appearance it is more like a house hold pat-sociable, gentle and serve. In rural Asia the care of buffalloes is after turned over to small boys & girls aged about 4 to 9.
Another belief is that the buffallo is exclusively a tropical animal. River type buffalloes, However, have been used to pull snow plows during Bulgarian winter.
Buffallo milk has a higher content of both butter fat and non fat-solids than cows milk does. Throughout much India it is in such demand that Cow's milk is sometimes hard to sell.
Dairy Farming in India
It is seen at most places that a Dairy Farmer is not aware of the economics of his day to day business. This is because Dairy has been a traditional form of business, which is being carried on by generations together. The pattern particularly of the feeding & watering has been quite the same for a long time.
It is commonly seen that most of the Farmers who keep animals for Milk have very little or NO idea about the expenses (per day) involved in raising the animals. It is interesting to note that the farmer is even unaware of the fact that the feeding cost of his animal comprises of more than 80% of the total cost of raising the animals.
Perhaps the main reason for this may be as he grows the majority of the fodder in his own land he has never bothered about its cost.
Pertaining to the feeding & drinking habits many fallacies (misconceptions) exist viz.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 2000 Ltr./Day
Land & Building (4 Acres) Rs. 72.50 Lac
Plant & Machinery Rs. 47.85 Lac
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 24.99 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 2.59 Cr
Rate of Return 75%
Break Even Point 30%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
JERSEY COWS
MILK PRODUCTION
BUFFALO
DAIRY FARMING IN INDIA
1. IT IS ADVISABLE TO FEED ANIMAL WITH WET/COOKED FEED.
2. WATER REQUIREMENT CAN BE FULFILLED WITH 2/3 TIMES IN A DAY.
3. ANIMAL SHOULD BE FED CONTINUOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE DAY.
4. ANIMAL GIVES MORE MILK WITH MORE CONCENTRATE FEED.
5. THE ANIMAL'S MINERAL REQUIREMENT IS MET TOTALLY THROUGH THE FEED & FODDER.
6. NATURAL SERVICE IS BETTER THAN ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION.
7. ANIMAL SHOULD FED ONLY GRASS DURING THE DRY PERIOD.
INDIAN STANDARDS
STANDARDS OF DIFFERENT MILKS IN INDIA
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
COMPOSITION OF MILK
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF INDIAN BREEDS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF FOREIGN BREEDS OF COW
THE DETAILED COMPOSITION OF MILK IS GIVEN IN TABLE 1.13
SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK
BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF RAW MILK
PROPERTIES OF MILK
QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR MILK AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
CATTLE FEED
IN GENERAL PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING COMPOSITION IS FOLLOWED FOR CATTLE FEED.
SOME MORE FORMULATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: -
CATTLE DESEASE AND TREATMENT
1. ACETONAEMIA:
2. AMOHISTOMIASIS:
3. ANAPLASMOSIS:
5. BABESIOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS TICK FEVER.
6. BLACK-QUARTER:
7. BRONCHITIE:
8. BRUCELLOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS CENTAGIOUS ABORTION.
9. DIAGNOSIS: BASED ON BACTERIOLOGIC EXAMINATION.
10. DIARRHOES:
12. FASCIOLIASIS: ALSO KNOWN AS LIVER FLUKE DISEASE.
13. HAEMORRHAGIE SEPTICAEMIA (H.S.):-
14. ANTIBIOTICS:
MARKET POSITION
THE INDIAN DAIRY FARM
DAIRY FARM:
DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA
PROCESSED DAIRY PRODUCTS
CHEESE
PROCESSED CHEESE
LEAD PLAYERS
DAIRY WHITENERS
PRODUCTION OF MILK
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
RATIONALE
LOOKING BEYOND THE HORIZON OPPORTUNITIES
SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES
AYRSHIRE
CATTLE FEED MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS
STOCKISTS & DISTRIBUTION OF VETERINARY MEDICINES
USE OF MILK
BUFFALO MILK VS. COW MILK
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
THE DETAILED PROCESS IS GIVEN HERE WITH:-
MILKING BY HAND
COOLING & STORING MILK
FILTRATION:
STANDARDIZATION
HOMOGENIZATION:
CLARIFICATION:
PASTEURIZATION:-
REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING SYSTEM
TESTING:-
PACKING:-
MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF PASTEURIZED MILK PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
ENHANCED MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY CATTLE
EXAMPLE 1
PREPARATION OF SILAGE FROM A BROWN MIDRIB HYBRID
EXAMPLE 2
FORMULATION OF A DAIRY CATTLE FEED RATION
EXAMPLE 3
MILK PRODUCTION USING BMR SILAGE IN A DAIRY CATTLE RATION
TABLE 5
INSTRUCTIONS FOR BODY CONDITION SCORING
SCORE DEFINITION
METHOD FOR INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING DAIRY CATTLE
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1
RESULTS
EFFECT OF CAP-SHURE CHOLINE CHLORIDE ON MILK PRODUCTION FOR COWS PROVIDED 21 DAYS PRIOR TO CALVING AND TO FRESH COWS.
DAIRY FARM CONSULTANTS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
MILKING MACHINE
MILK CHILLER
MILK RECEPTION TANKS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)