CASTOR OIL
CODE NO. 5462
Castor oil is derived form the bean of the castor plant, Ricinus Communis L., of the family Eurphorbiaceae. The castor plant occurs in practically all tropical and subtropical countries, either wild or cultivated. It is also found widly as both an ornamental and cultivated plant in temperate zones where, because it is frost sensitive, it is grown annually from seed. It is a highly heterogeneous species, with wide variations in the size, form, and color of the plant, as well as the size and color of the seed, and the dehiscence of the capsules. There is relatively little variation in the oil content of fully matured seeds and in the chemical composition of the oil. The seeds are toxic and the ingestion of even on seed can be fatal to humans.
The seeds of the castor plant are produced in racemes, or clusters of capsules. The capsules are usually spiny and each contains three seeds. The hulls surrounding the seeds constitute roughly one thrid of the weight of the mature capsule. The seeds are mottled to varying extents, most often with shades of dark brown overlaying, shades of light brown. Seed size of commercial varieties varies from 250 to 1680 per kilogram. Although laoratory yield of oil from entire (undecorticated) seed of commercial varieties averages about 49%, the factory yield is usually about 45%.
Castor oil is also known as Ricinus Oil, oil of Palma Christi, tangatangan oil, and Neoloid. Typical of most fats, the oil is a triglyceride of fatty acids. What is unique is that the fat contains 87%-90% ricinoleic acid, cis-12- hydroxyoctadec-9- enoic acid, CH3(CH2)5CH(OH)CH2CH==CH(CH2)7COOH, a rare source of an eighteen carbon hydroxylated fatty acid with one double bond. Castor oil, sometimes described as a triglyceide of ricinoleic acid, is one of the few naturally occurring glycerides that approaches being a pure compound.
The oil is pale yellow and viscous, with a slight characterisitc odor, and nearly tasteless but familiarly unpleasant through its minor use as a purgative. The industrial uses of castor oil are extensive.
Castor oil is used as a raw material in a number of chemical and pharmaceutical industries. It has a medical value as a purgative. So it is a very important vegetable oil. In chemical industry it is used in the manufacture of soaps. Castor oil is extracted from castor oil seeds which are obtained from a plant which grows as a wild plant but its regular plantation has been started in India. Castor oil has white tingue and it has a viscosity approximately that of the sirson oil. The plantation is grown and cultivated as sirson oil and some other seeds. When the plant gets matured it develops big size buddings of the size about 1" to 2" in diameter. This shell or buddings consists of castor oil seeds, some pulp and other carbonaceous matter etc. The crop is cut and the shells containing castor oil seeds are collected. It is allowed to dry for few days so that the seeds may be separated from the shell easily with the help of a simple shredder.
Caster seed is very hard and does not require much care during storage. No insect or disease attacks the seed. The oil content does not get either reduced or affected even 3 years of storage. Usually castor seed is not required to be stored in warehouses area long periods. Being a cash crop, it is immediately crushed locally and the oil exported. In warehouses, castor-seed is stored in gunny (jute) bags.
Sometimes if the bags get wet due to high humidity or leakage of rain-water, the seeds become slightly mouldy but this does not reduce the oil content or the viability.
The odour of castor oil is not appreciable and hence before using in soap industry or many industry its deodourization is necessary. For saponification 18.5% caustic potash is required. It is easily saponified and the soap prepared from this oil is soft and easily soluble in water. Other oils are mixed with this oil for soap making industry for economic reasons.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant capacity 10.00 TON/day
Land & Building (3000 Sq.Mtr) Rs. 24.90 Lacs
Plant & Machinery Rs. 62.00 Lacs
W.C. for 3 Months Rs. 2.18 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 3.17 Cr
Rate of Return 60%
Break Even Point 31%
1. INTODUCTION
2. PROPERTIES
3. USES OF CASTOR OIL
4. B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
5. MARKET SURVEY
6. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF CASTOR OIL
7. DEALERS OF CASTOR OIL
8. RAW MATERIAL MAJOR AREAS OF PRODUCTION OF CASTOR
9. QUALITIES OF CASTOR SEED
10. PROCESSING OF CASTOR
11. CASTOR CAKE
12. USES
13. MANUFACTURING DIAGRAM
14. PLANT LAYOUT
15. SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
16. SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
APPENDIX – A :
1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET
