CASHEW NUT PROCESSING
[EIRI/EDPR/1649] J.C.455
INTRODUCTION
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) a native of Eastern Brazil introduced to India just as other commercial crops like Rubber, Coffee, Tea etc. by the Portuguese nearly five centuries back. The first introduction of cashew in India was made in Goa from where it spread to other parts of the country. In the beginning it was mainly considered as a crop for afforestation and soil binding to check erosions. The nuts, apple and other by products of this crop are of commercial importance. Though its commercial exploitation began from the early 60’s, marginal lands and denuded forests were the areas set apart for the plantation development. Due to the absence of high yielding varieties and multiplication techniques, indiscript seeds and seedlings were used for planting purposes. Because of its adaptive ability in wide range of agro climatic conditions it has become a crop of high economy and attained the status of an export oriented commodity bringing considerable foreign exchange to the country.
Cashew (botanical name Anacardium occidental) was introduced in India by the Portuguese four centuries ago, mainly to prevent soil erosion. Cashew ranks second among the nine tree nuts which figure prominently in international trade circles, first being almond. The cashew adapts to various types of soils and climatic conditions and is hardy and draught resistant tree.
For several centuries the cashew trees was considered merely as a sturdy perennial tree which yielded soft wood and bore the delicious juicy cashew apple. The peculiarity of the cashew apple is that it has nut outside. In the earlier days, the nut was thrown away after the apple was eaten. The nut was rejected since it has a hard shell cover which contains a corrosive liquid (cashewnut shell liquid) which burns the skin on contact. As time passed, interest developed in the nut and various methods of extracting the kernel from the nut proved successful.
Cashew nut has been cultivated in several countries for a long time but the credit for launching into commercial production and export of cashew kernels goes to India. Very small quantities of unpeeled cashew kernels were exported to Marseilles and london, in the beginning of the present century. Since then exports have shot up tremendously and 50-56 thousand tones of cashew kernels were exported during the decade ending 1973-74.
The export of cashew kernels in the period 1946-78. Grew at the rate of 4.1% per annum, as compared to the 5.2% annual growth rate of world export.
The cashew is chiefly growth in the coastal districts of India and nearly 70 percent of the production is from the West Coast between Mumbai and Cape Camerin. Ratangiri and North Kanara districts in Mumbai. South Kanara, Malabar, Tiruchirapalli, Tanpore and South Arcot districts in Tamil Nadu state, Nellore, Godavari and Vishakhpatnam districts in Andhra and Travancore-Cochin are major areas of production. Nearly 50% of the production comes from Tamil nadu state, while Travancore Cochin state accounts for about 36 percent and Mumbai 10 percent. West Bengal, Odisha, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh are other states in India which together accounts for about 4.0 percent of the product.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 20 Bags (Cap: 80 Kg) Raw Cashew Nut Processing/Day
400 Bags (Cap: 50 Kg) Cashew Nut Shell Processing/Day
Land & Building (1000 sq.mt.) Rs. 1.39 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 58.35 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 84.27 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 2.91 Cr
Rate of Return 33%
Break Even Point 55%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROCESSES USED FOR CASHEW NUT SHELL OIL PRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF CNSL
USES AND APPLICATIONS OF CNSL
USES & APPLICATION OF CASHEW KERNEL
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
MARKET POSITION OF CASHEWS
CASHEW NUT SPECIFICATIONS AND VARIETY
PRODUCTION OF CASHEWNUT IN INDIA
CASHEW EXPORT FROM INDIA
VIETNAM EARNS OVER 1 BLN USD FROM CASHEW NUTS EXPORTS IN 7 MONTHS
CASHEW SET TO SPARKLE ON FESTIVAL DEMAND
MARKET POSITION OF CNSL IN INDIA
GLOBAL SCENARIO OF CSNL
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF CSNL
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
QUALITY CONTROL (PLANT SANITATION)
OTHER PATENTED PROCESSES FOR PROCESSING OF CASHEW NUTS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CNSL (CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF CNSL
IMPORTANT DEAILS ABOUT CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF CNSL BY OIL BATH METHOD
CASHEW NUT PROCESSING FLOW DIAGRAM
SWOT ANALYSIS OF CNSL
WORKER/CONSUMER EXPOSURE IN CNSL PLANT
PLANT LAYOUT
CASHEWNUT PROCESS FLOW CHART FLOW DIAGRAM
RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
ADDRESSES OF CONSULTANT
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
