CARDANOL FROM C.N.S.L. OIL (CASHEWNUT SHELL LIQUID)
[CODE NO 3271]
Cardanol oil, a renewable raw material well known by product of the cashew industry, has been used as the starting material for the synthesis of novel fulleropyrrolidines cardanol based. In this work, cardanol has been used as building block for the preparation of target cardanol based precursors obtained by the way of the convenient transformation of the functional groups (aromatic ring, -OH group or the double bonds of the side chain) of the cardanolic structure. Pure 3-n-pentadecylphenol and its derivatives having homogeneous chemical composition, used as the precursor of any fulleropyrrolidines, have been prepared by hydrogenation of the un-saturated side chain and subsequent alkylation of the aromatic ring of cardanol. The reactivity of olefinic double bond present in the side-chain which can undergo easy transformation i.e. oxirane formation as well as metathesis reactions affording various interesting fulleropyrrolidines is also described.
Cashew nut shell liquid or oil obtained by heat treatment contains about 10% cardol and about 90% cardanol (a vessicant oil liquid) resulting from decarboxylating anacordic acid and its polymers. Formerly, a moister product of the cashew kernel industry in southern India, Cashew nut shell oil has become a valuable raw material in the manufacture of many industrial product. It condenses with formaldehyde and other chemicals into resin that can be used in many unique combination for the manufacture of brake lining, clutch and other friction facings, insulating and water proofing varnishes and coating laminating resins, molding composition oil & acid proof cement & industrial floor tile, type writer rolls, and myriad other products, varnishes made with these resin are resistant to acid and alkalies and possess unusual resistance to the softening action of mineral oil; they are used to coat paper for bottle cap liners and for many other water proofing and insulating purposes.
The polymerized liquid is used as a potting compound for magnetoelectric machine armatures in air planes because of its high heat resistance subsequent treatment of the polymerized product with formaldehyde, trioxymethylene, paraformaldehyde or furfuraldehyde at room temperature for 24-72 h produced a substantially infusible solid resin that retains high binding power at elevated temperature without softening hydrogenation of the phenol in the oil produced many useful products such as a cosolvent for rotovore in the preparation of insecticides. The hydrogenaled oil has none of the vesicant action of the original liquid cashew nut shell oil also is used in India for protecting wood and paper against termites and for motor roofing and preserving fish nets, textiles and lumber.
The cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a by product & the cashewnut processing industry cashew nut trees are found in Kamataka, Kerela, and Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra etc. About 60,000 tons of nuts are collected annually for processing into kernels ;and in addition 50,000 tons and received from East Africa. Oil is extracted from 1/3 rd of the available nuts.
Almost all the cashew processing factories are in the small scale sector. These units adopt either the Drum Roasting Method & nut-oil Butts Process while processing cashew nuts. It is reported that raw cashewnuts contain over 20% oil in the shells. In the old Drum Roasting Process, such if the oil gets burnt during roasting where as in the oil-Bath process about 10% good quality shell oil can be recovered from the oil in the process itself as a bye-product. This oil is of good quality and finds ready market. The shell still contains 10 to 12 percent oil which can be recovered either by solvent extraction or by using expellers.
Cashew nut shell liquid is a versatile raw material. The potential availability by CNSL is estimated at 40,000 tons but the actual average production is only by the order by 9,000 tons, primarily due to look of market.
The industrial application & CNSL are based open its polymerization to a rubber like material under the influence by acids and on the formation of a wide range of condensation products with aldehydes.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity : 10.00 MT/day
land & Building (4000 Sq.Mtr) : Rs. 1.37 Cr
Plant & Machinery : Rs. 1.26 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Month : Rs. 1.77 Cr
Total Capital Investment : Rs. 4.51 Cr
Rate of Return : 34%
Break Even Point : 49%
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PROPERTIES
3. USES & APPLICATION
4. B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
5. MARKET SURVEY 21
6. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
7. PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARDANOL
8. PROCESS ACCORDING TO THE METHOD
9. DETERMINATION OF COLOR STABILITY
10. CARDANOL BASED DIMERS
11. PROCESS FLOWSHEET FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDANOL RESIN
12. COMPLETE PLANT AND EQUIPMENTS SUPPLIERS
FOR CARDANOL RESIN
13. MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS OF CARDANOL RESIN
14. RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
15. PLANT & MACHINERIES SUPPLIERS ADDRESS
16. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
17. PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
18. EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
19. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
20. GENERAL PLANT LAYOUT
21. TOLERANCE LIMITS FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGE
22. EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
23. LIST OF FOOD AND AGRO PROCESSING CONSULTANTS
24. PLANT LAYOUT
25. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
26. CALCULATION
APPENDIX – A:
1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET