BIOFERTILIZER
[CODE NO 3697]
Fertilizers were welcomed with open arms, for they immediately increased the yield of crops. But their recurrent use has done an irreparable damage to the environment. Excess use of chemical fertilizers has led to the pollution and contamination of the soil, has polluted water basins, destroyed micro-organisms and friendly insects, making the crop more prone to diseases and reduced soil fertility. More and more farmers are now looking for more eco-friendly options. Bio-fertilizers have, to some extent provided an answer to the soil contamination voes.
Bio-fertilizers are eco-friendly fertilizers, which are being used to improve the quality and fertility of the soil. Bio-fertilizers are made from biological wastes and they do not contain any chemicals. They are beneficial to the soil, as they enrich the soil with micro-organisms that help in producing organic nutrients, which in turn help the soil to fight diseases. They therefore enrich the the nutrient quality of the soil. They also restore the depleted nutrients of the soil.
The main sources of bio-fertilizers are bacteria, fungi and cynobacteria (blue-green algae). Plants have a special relationship with bacteria and fungi. They provide the plant with nutrition, resistance against diseases and the ability to combat worst climatic conditions.
Bio-fertilizers are being viewed as the future of fertilizers, as they have the ability to solve the problems of salinity of the soil, chemical-run offs from the fields. They, therefore, ensure the well being of the nutrients present in the soil, therefore making the soil more fertile with time.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 1000 Kg/Day
Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 2.95 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.30 Cr
Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 85 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 5.31 Cr
Rate of Return 19%
Break Even Point 66%
INTRODUCTION
BIOFERTILIZERS
ADVANTAGE OF BIOFERTILIZERS OVER CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
BIOFERTILIZERS TECHNOLOGY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZER
RHIZOBIUM
AZOTOBACTER
AZOSPIRILLUM
CYANOBACTERIA
AZOLLA
PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS (PSM)
AM FUNGI
SILICATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA (SSB)
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR)
LIQUID BIOFERTILIZERS
ADVANTAGES OF USING BIO-FERTILIZERS
BENEFITS AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER
BENEFITS
CHARACTERITISTICS OF DIFFERENT LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZERS
RHIZOBIUM
QUANTITY OF BIOLOGICAL N FIXED BY LIQIUD RHIZOBIUM
IN DIFFERENT CROPS
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF LIQUID RHIZOBIUM
AZOSPIRLLIUM
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF LIQUID AZOSPIRILLUM
PRODUCTION OF GROWTH HORMONES
ROLE OF LIQUID AZOSPIRILLUM UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
SIGN OF NON FUNCTIONING OF AZOSPIRILLUM IN THE FIELD
AZOTOBACTER
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF LIQUID AZOTOBACTER
ROLE OF LIQUID AZOTOBACTER IN TISSUE CULTURE
ROLE OF LIQUID AZOTOBACTER AS A BIO-CONTROL AGENT
ACETOBACETER
EFFECT OF LIQUID ACETOBACTER DIAZOTROPHICUS ON SUGARCANE
DO’S AND DON’T FOR ENTREPRENEURS, DEALERS AND FARMERS
LIQUID BIO-FERTLIZER APPLICATION METHODOLOGY
SEED TREATMENT
ROOT DIPPING
SOIL APPLICATION
DOSAGE OF LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZERS IN DIFFERENT CROPS
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIO-FERTILIZERS
MICROBIAL INOCULANTS
CARRIER:
MICROBIAL COMPOSITION
BENEFITS TO CROP
BENEFITS TO FARMER
BENEFITS TO SOIL
A COMPOSIT CULTURE
BIO-AZO GOLD
BENEFITS TO ENVIRONMENT
CROP RANGE
THIS CAN BE APPLIED TO ANY CROP
DOSE & METHOD OF APPLICATION
TIME OF APPLICATION
CAN BE APPLIED
USES AND APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZER
APPLICATION OF BIOFERTILIZERS
SEED TREATMENT
SEEDLING ROOT DIP
MAIN FIELD APPLICATION
RHIZOBIUM
AZOSPIRILLUM/AZOTOBACTER
PHOSPHOBACTERIA
POINTS TO REMEMBER
BIOFERTILIZERS RECOMMENDATION (ONE PACKET - 200G)
PHOSPHOBACTERIA
ADVANTAGES OF BIOFERTILIZER USE
BIOFERTILIZERS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF BIOFERTILISERS
MARKET POSITION
BIOFERTILISER TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE OF BIOFERTILSER PROJECT
REQUIREMENTS OF BIOFERTILISER PROJECTS
OVERVIEW OF BIOFERTILIZER
MARKET POTENTIAL OF BIO FERTILIZER
GLOBAL BIOFERTILIZER INDUSTRY - MARKET SIZE (US$ M)*
GLOBAL BIOPESTICIDE INDUSTRY - MARKET SIZE (US$ M)**
BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION METHOD
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION
DETAILS FOR PRODUCTION OF A GOOD AND EFFICIENT BIOFERTILIZER
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF BIOFERILIZER
CRITERIA FOR STRAIN SELECTION:
STEPS FOR PREPARING BIO-FERTILIZER:
(A) SEED PELLETING:
(B) INOCULANT CARRIERS:
(C) QUALITY STANDARDS FOR INOCULANTS:
(I) MASS PRODUCTION OF CYANOBACTERIAL BIOFERTILIZERS:
THE FOLLOWING METHODS ARE USED FOR MASS CULTIVATION:
AZOLLA-ANOBAENA SYMBLOSIS: AZOLLA, A WATER FERM
AZOLLA ANABAENA
(II) MASS CULTIVATION OF AZOLLA:
THERE ARE TWO METHODS FOR ITS APPLICATION IN FIELD:
3. ENDOPHYTIC NITROGEN FIXERS:
(I) FACULTATIVE ENDOPHYTIC DIAZOTROPHS:
(II) OBLIGATE ENDOPHYTIC DIAZOTROPHS:
(III) OTHER BACTERIA:
(A) ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPHYTES:
(B) APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE:
4. BIO-FERTILIZERS AIDING PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION:
PENICILIUM SOLUBILIZES UNAVAILABLE FROM OF P TO AVAILABLE FORM
5. PRODUCTION OF MYCORRHIZAL BIO-FERTILIZER:
(I) ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI:
(II) VA MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI:
THERE ARE TWO METHODS OF USING THE INOCULUM:
PRODUCTION OF FINAL PRODUCT IN FERMENTER
FILLING & PACKAGING:
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF BIO-FERTILISERS
WHAT ARE BIO-FERTILIZERS
MODE OF ACTION
CRITICAL FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR EFFECTIVENESS
LEVEL OF BENEFITS
OTHER BENEFITS
THE OUTLINES OF COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURE OF BIO-FERTILIZERS:
THE STEPS INVOLVED ARE AS FOLLOWS:
CULTURE SELECTION AND MAINTENANCE:
CULTURE AUGMENTATION:
CARRIER STERILIZATION:
MIXING AND PACKING:
LAYOUT OF THE PRODUCTION UNIT:
RAW MATERIAL:
QUALITY CONTROL:
LIMITATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS
THE MAJOR LIMITING FACTORS INCLUDE:
PRODUCTION METTED OF BACTERIAL BIOFERTILIZER
MASS PRODUCTION OF BACTERIAL BIO FERTILIZER
CULTURING OF MICROORGANISMS
GROWTH ON CONGO RED YEAST EXTRACT MANNITOL AGAR MEDIUM
COMPOSITION OF THE N-FREE SEMISOLID MALIC ACID MEDIUM
WAKSMAN MEDIUM NO.77 (N-FREE MANNITOL AGAR MEDIUM
FOR AZOTOBACTER)
PHOSPHOBACTERIA : PIKOVSKAYA’S BROTH
INOCULUM PREPARATION
PROCESSING OF CARRIER MATERIAL
PREPARATION OF CARRIER MATERIAL
MIXING THE CARRIER AND THE BROTH CULTURE AND PACKING
PREPARATION OF INOCULANTS PACKET
PRODUCTION OF MY CORRHIZAL BIOFERTILIZER
METHOD OF PRODUCTION
TANK FOR MASS MULTIPLICATION OF AM
SPRINKLING OF WATER IN TANK WITH VERMICULITE
MAKING OF FURROWS TO SOW MAIZE SEEDS
SOWING THE SEEDS IN FURROWS
VIEW OF THE MAIZE SOWN AM PIT
VERMICULITE CONTAINED RAISED AM INFECTED MAIZE PLANTS
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM SHOWING MULTIPLICATION STAGES
OF BIOFERTILISER MOTHER CULTURE
CHART SHOWING STEPS IN BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY (IMPORTED)
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
