ANHYDROUS SODIUM DITHIONITE PRODUCTION
[EIRI/EDPR/1348] J.C. 111
INTRODUCTION
Sodium Hydrosulfite, also known as Sodium Dithionite had been developed at the beginning of the 20th century and was first applied for textile printing. Due to structural change in the textile industry, the importance of the application for the bleaching of wood pulp in the paper industry increased continuously.
Sodium Hydrosulfite is a white powder. Commercial sodium hydrosulfite contains 85% - 90% sodium dithionite w/w. It is readily soluble in water and shows powerful reducing action in aqueous solutions. Sodium hydrosulfite is used as a reducing agent in dying application. It undergoes reduction reaction with water-insoluble vat dye and sulfur dye to form water-soluble alkali metal salt of the dye (leuco form) so that they have affinity for the textile fiber.
The reductive decomposition of the excessive dye by sodium hydrosulfite improve the colour fastness. Sodium hydrosulfite's reduction reaction removes residual oxide and wrong pigments. Sodium hydrosulfite is a reductive bleaching agent. It reduces carbonyl and alcohol groups, which function as colorants of the substances. It is used in bleaching mechanical paper pulp, cotton, and wool and kaolin clay. Additional applications include water treatment, leather processing, food processing, gas purification, cleaning, printing and stripping. In addition to a reducing agent function, sodium hydrosulfite functions as a sulphonating agent and sodium ion source in a variety of chemical reactions.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 20 MT/Day
Land & Building (1.5 Acres) US$ 6.01 Lac
Plant & Machinery US$ 1.66 Lac
Working Capital for 2 Months US$ 8.90 Lac
Total Capital Investment US$ 17.56 Lac
Rate of Return 60%
Break Even Point 44%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
ANHYDROUS SODIUM DITHIONITE (NA2S2O4)
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
SUMMARY OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ANHYDROUS SODIUM DITHIONITE
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
APPEARANCE: WHITE TO GRAY-WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER
USES & APPLICATION
MARKET SURVEY
CO2 TO FORMIC ACID CONVERSION PROCESS
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF MACHINERY
MULTI STAGE REACTOR
CONDENSER
BOILER
CONTROL PANEL
ELECTRICALS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR SODIUM DITHIONITE
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
CO2 CONVERSION PROCESS
REACTOR DEMONSTRATION
CO2 TO FORMIC ACID PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
WASTE WATER SOURCE AND COMPOSITION
SCHEMATIC OF A TYPICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT TRICKLING FILTER SYSTEM
BAR SCREENS2
GRIT CHAMBER2.13
PRIMARY SETTLING TANKS
SLUDGE DIGESTORS
DRYING BEDS
TRICKLING FILTERS
ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM2.24
ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR SYSTEM
OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION ALONG WITH PRECAUTIONS ON STORAGE AND HANDLING
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
SPECIFIC FACTORS
6. TRANSPORTATION:
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TERM LOANS:
8. TOTAL LOAD:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
PRESENT MANUFACTURER
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SODIUM FORMATE
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
SULPHUROUS ACID ANYHYDRIDE
HYDROUS METHANOL
AQUOUS SODIUM CARBONATE
MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
MULTISTAGE REACTION VESSEL
CONDENSER
VACCUM ROTARY DRYER
STABILIZER
AUTOCLAVE REACTOR
DISTILLATION COLUMN
SOLID WASHER
INDUSTRIAL KETTLE
WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT
PHOTOGRAPHS
SODIUM DITHIONITE/SODIUM HYDROSULPHITE
RAW MATERIAL
SODIUM FORMATE
SODIUM CARBONATE
METHANOL
SULPHURIC ACID
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
MACHINERY
DISTILLATION COLUMN
CONDENSER
VACCUM ROTARY DRYER
STABILIZER
SOLID WASHER
INDUSTRIAL KETTLE
AUTOCLAVE REACTOR
INDUSTRIAL PUMPS
VALVES FITTINGS FLANGES
PLANT LAYOUT
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
