ACTIVATED CARBON FROM WOOD
[EIRI/DPR/5865]J.C.:3104
INTRODUCTION
Activated carbon is a non graphite form of carbon and is micro crystalline in nature. It is extensively used in various industries as a very good adsorbent for odour or colour. There are two varieties of activated carbon viz gas phase or the liquid phase adsorbents. The liquid phase activated carbon is usually power or granular inform where as the gas phase adsorbent is hard granules like dust free pellets. Besides the liquid phase and gas phase classification of activated carbon, into grades based on the chemical properties it possesses such as its methylene blue (MB) value, surface area, ash content, iron content, pH factor and adsorption quality of carbon. The term activated carbon, active carbon, or active charcoal is usually applied to amorphours carbons possessing higher adsorption capacity their wood or animal charcoal.
Many carbon of industrial value are prepared from coal and from organic vegetable and animal matter. The resulting amorphous products include Charcoal coke and petroleum coke. Carbon as such is probably, the most widely distributed element in nature. It occurs in two allotropic crystalline forms viz, graphite (hexagonal system) and diamond (isomeric system), The former is soft and weak while diamond is hard and transparent. Charcoal, coke and carbon black. Classified as amporphours carbons are considered by some to represent a third allotropic form. They are said to be composed of very minute crystals of graphite by-others carbon is an essential constituent of all vegetable & animal matter. Coal is carbonized vegitable matter found in seams or strata below earth's surface. In combination with hydrogon it occurs as hydrocarbons in petroleum.
Carbon is also found as carbon dioxide in air & as bicarbonates in sea water and carbonaceous rocks. Commercial absorbent carbons may be grouped into decolorizing, gas adsorbent, metal adsorbent and medicinal carbons according to their physical structure, properties and applications.
No one type of carbon can be used for all purposes. A large variety of raw materials are available for the manufacture of these products Coal, petroleum coke and wood charcoal are activated by gas activation. Paddy and groundnut husk, rawdust, bagasse molasses straw tan bark bagasse cocoa bean shells, distillery slop, waste mahua flowers and various industrial wastes have been utilized for the production of active carbons by chemical activation. Small quantities of activated carbons have been manufactured indegenously on commercial scale from paddy husk, bagasse and filter press mud particularly for use in the refining of gur. Many carbonaccous materials such as petroleum, coke, rawdust, lignite, coal, peat, wood charcoal, nutshells and fruit pits may be used for the manufacture of activated carbon, but the properties of the finished material are governed not only by the raw material but by the method of activation used. Activated carbons form two main classes, those used for adsorption of gases.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 2 MT/Day
Land & Building (2000 sq.mt.) Rs. 24.50 Lac
Plant & Machinery Rs. 29.25 Lac
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 24.18 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 91.94 Lac
Rate of Return 95%
Break Even Point 27%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
USES AND APPLICATIONS
PROPERTIES
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
GENERAL PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN ADSORPTION WITH ACTIVE CARBON
B.I.S SPECIFICATION
TESTING
MARKET SURVEY
DEMAND SUPPLY GAP
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS
LIST OF THE BUYERS/PURCHASERS
MANUFACTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM WOOD
PROCESS FLOW SHEET
PLANT LAY OUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
SUPPLIER OF RAW MATERIAL
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
