ZINC OXIDE POWDER MANUFACTURING OF DIFFERENT GRADES: CERAMIC GRADE 96%, RUBBER GRADE 94% ETC.
[EIRI/EDPR/4657] J.C.: 2874XL
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. ZnO is a white powder that is insoluble in water, and it is widely used as an additive in numerous materials and products including rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, and first-aid tapes.
ZnO is a wide-bandgap semiconductor of the II-VI semiconductor group. The native doping of the semiconductor due to oxygen vacancies or zinc interstitials is n-type. This semiconductor has several favorable properties, including good transparency, high electron mobility, wide bandgap and strong room-temperature luminescence. Those properties are valuable in emerging applications for: transparent electrodes in liquid crystal displays, energy-saving or heat-protecting windows, and electronics as thin-film transistors and light-emitting diodes.
Zinc compounds are numerous and are widely used. Perhaps most important is zinc oxide (ZnO), a versatile compound with many uses. Other zinc compounds include zinc chloride, used as a wood preservative, in soldering fluxes, as a mordant in dyeing textiles, and in adhesives and cements; and zinc sulphide, used in making lithopone, as well as television screens and X-ray apparatus.
Organic accelerators almost always need activators to achieve the highest efficiency in sulphur vulcanization. The most important activator is zinc oxide, which is used in nearly every rubber compound. Zinc oxide is an effective vulcanization activator of very fine particle size and suitable for rubber and latex products based on natural and synthetic polymers.
Zinc oxide is nearly insoluble in water, but soluble in acids or alkalis. It occurs as white hexagonal crystals or a white powder, commonly known in the industry as zinc white. Zinc white is used as a rubber ingredient and as a pigment in paints. Normally less opaque than lithopone, it remains white when exposed to hydrogen sulphide or ultraviolet light. It is also used as filler for rubber goods and in coatings for paper.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 12 MT/Day
Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) Rs. 3.06 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.20 Cr
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 4.48 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 9.01 Cr
Rate of Return 28%
Break Even Point 53%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF ZINC OXIDE
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
GRADES OF ZINC OXIDE:-
BIS SPECIFICATION
USES & APPLICATIONS
THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF ZINC OXIDE:
ZINC OXIDE IN RUBBER
ZINC OXIDE IN SKIN CARE PRODUCTS
ZINC OXIDE IN AGRICULTURE
RUBBER MANUFACTURE
CERAMIC INDUSTRY
MEDICINE
CIGARETTE FILTERS
FOOD ADDITIVE
PIGMENT
UV ABSORBER
COATINGS
RUBBER
ACTIVATION
ACCELERATION
COMPOUND DESIGN
PRESERVATION OF LATEX
REINFORCEMENT
HEAT AND LIGHT STABILIZATION
TACK RETENTION
RUBBER-METAL BONDING
ADHESIVES, MASTICS, SEALANTS
PLASTICS
PAINTS
METAL-PROTECTIVE COATINGS
CIGARETTE FILTERS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
EXPOSURE LIMITS
EXPOSURE SOURCES AND CONTROL METHODS
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
RESPIRATORS MAY BE USED:
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
PERSONAL HYGIENE PROCEDURES
RAW MATERIALS
ZINC OXIDE WHITE SEAL
APPLICATIONS:
ZINC OXIDE [FRENCH PROCESS]
SPECIFICATION OF ZINC OXIDE FOR RUBBER INDUSTRY
ZINC OXIDE SPECIFICATIONS 99.5% CERAMIC GRADE
ZINC OXIDE SPECIFICATIONS 99.5% RUBBER GRADE
REQUIREMENTS OF ZINC OXIDE FOR RUBBER INDUSTRY
PROCESS OF ZINC OXIDE WHITE SEAL GRADE
ADVANTAGES OF FRENCH PROCESS
METHODS OF OBTAINING ZINC OXIDE
METALLURGICAL PROCESS
CHEMICAL PROCESSES
HANDLING & PRECAUTION OF ZINC OXIDE
STORAGE
SPILLS AND LEAKS
ZINC OXIDE MARKET ANALYSIS
ZINC OXIDE MARKET TRENDS
THE RUBBER AND TIRE INDUSTRY DOMINATE THE MARKET
MARKET OVERVIEW OF ZINC OXIDE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS/CHEMICAL REACTIONS/PROCESS FLOW
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
REACTION
PROCESS FLOW
ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
ZINC MELTING FURNACE
JAW CRUSHER
ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
ENGINEERING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
ETP FACILITY
ETP FLOW DIAGRAM (TYPICAL)
SEWAGE AND WASTE WATER EFFLUENT
STP FLOW DIAGRAM (TYPICAL)
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
STORAGE LAYOUT:
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:
SAFETY:
PLANT EXPANSION:
FLOOR SPACE:
UTILITIES SERVICING:
BUILDING:
MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT:
RAILROADS AND ROADS:
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
SPECIFIC FACTORS
6. TRANSPORTATION:
A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TOTAL LOAD:
8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
OPERATION PHASE
MITIGATION MEASURES (PROPOSED)
HSE REQUIREMENT
PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
