ZINC OXIDE (FRENCH PROCESS)
[CODE NO.4432]
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. ZnO is a white powder that is insoluble in water, and it is widely used as an additive in numerous materials and products including rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, and first-aid tapes.
ZnO is a wide-bandgap semiconductor of the II-VI semiconductor group. The native doping of the semiconductor due to oxygen vacancies or zinc interstitials is n-type. This semiconductor has several favorable properties, including good transparency, high electron mobility, wide bandgap and strong room-temperature luminescence. Those properties are valuable in emerging applications for: transparent electrodes in liquid crystal displays, energy-saving or heat-protecting windows, and electronics as thin-film transistors and light-emitting diodes.
Zinc compounds are numerous and are widely used. Perhaps most important is zinc oxide (ZnO), a versatile compound with many uses. Other zinc compounds include zinc chloride, used as a wood preservative, in soldering fluxes, as a mordant in dyeing textiles, and in adhesives and cements; and zinc sulphide, used in making lithopone, as well as television screens and X-ray apparatus.
Organic accelerators almost always need activators to achieve the highest efficiency in sulphur vulcanization. The most important activator is zinc oxide, which is used in nearly every rubber compound. Zinc oxide is an effective vulcanization activator of very fine particle size and suitable for rubber and latex products based on natural and synthetic polymers.
Zinc oxide is nearly insoluble in water, but soluble in acids or alkalis. It occurs as white hexagonal crystals or a white powder, commonly known in the industry as zinc white. Zinc white is used as a rubber ingredient and as a pigment in paints. Normally less opaque than lithopone, it remains white when exposed to hydrogen sulphide or ultraviolet light. It is also used as filler for rubber goods and in coatings for paper.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 16 Tons/Day
Land & Building (4110 sq.mt.) US$ 9.71 Lac
Plant & Machinery US$ 3.87 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month US$ 8.89 Lac
Total Capital Investment US$ 23.12 Lac
Rate of Return 51%
Break Even Point 42%
- • INTRODUCTION
- • MARKET OVERVIEW
- • TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF ZINC OXIDE
- • PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
- • IS SPECIFICATION
- • USES & APPLICATIONS
- • OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
- • RAW MATERIALS
- • DIFFERENT PROCESSES FOR ZINC OXIDE PRODUCTION
- • ADVANTAGES OF FRENCH PROCESS
- • HANDLING & PRECAUTION OF ZINC OXIDE
- • MANUFACTURING PROCESS/CHEMICAL REACTIONS/PROCESS FLOW
- • PRELIMINARY LAYOUT
- • SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
- • ENGINEERING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
- • ETP FACILITY
- • SEWAGE AND WASTE WATER EFFLUENT
- • WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT/GREEN BELT
- • UTILITIES PER MONTH (ESTIMATED)
- • PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
- • PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
- • ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
- • MITIGATION MEASURES (PROPOSED)
- • HSE REQUIREMENT
- • POTENTIAL RISKS
- • PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
- • PROJECT FINANCIALS
- • CONCLUSIONS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
