solid waste management

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

[CODE NO.4435] 

Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue. Waste management is all about how solid waste can be changed and used as a valuable resource.

Solid waste management should be embraced by each and every household, including the business owners across the world. The industrialization has brought a lot of good things and bad things as well. One of the adverse effects of industrialization is the creation of solid waste.

Solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects.

The rubbish occupies much land. Garbage has taken in much precious soil resources and human’s living spaces, which has seriously affected the development and growing of agriculture and industry. Large amount of waste has not only destroyed plants rooted on the earth surface, but also influenced the beauty of natural environment, and also broken the ecological balance of nature.

Polluting the environment. Solid waste contains various kinds of harmful components, so if these wastes can’t be disposed in right methods, they will pollute soil, air and water, and even have a harmful influence on various organisms including human being.

Spreading disease. Waste has a large number of microorganisms that are the breeding ground of germs, viruses and pests. Thus it will seriously damage people’s healthy. The filtrate of waste can change the components and structure of soil, and the harmful components can damage people’s health through the food chain. Waste can destroy the structure and physical property of soil, which causes the decline of the soil fertile and moisture. It has toxic heavy metals such as pathogenic microorganism, organic pollutants.

Under the foundation of rainwater, these harmful components can seriously pollute underground water and surface water. In this case, it has largely affect the living of aquatic organisms and the use of water resources.

Solid waste with small size can be floated in the air under the foundation of wind, which can aggravate the air pollution. A large number of garbage are exposed to the open air can generate odor, spread disease.

Ash pollution. Living waste after burning will generate much carbon black, whose major component is ash. Carbon atom is quite important composing element of materials, which has large content. In the process of combustion, the polymer compounds will generate a reaction to become a small particle of carbon black material, and these materials will raises under the function of air ascending motion, float in the air and then fall to the ground.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                           100 MT/Day  

Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.)    Rs. 2.41 Cr    

Plant & Machinery                            Rs. 1.07 Cr 

Working Capital for 2 Months    Rs. 1.91 Cr 

Total Capital Investment             Rs. 5.56 Cr 

Rate of Return                                  34%

Break Even Point                              52%

• INTRODUCTION
• CATERORY OND SOURCE OF WASTE
• VARIOUS SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE
• 1. RESIDENTIAL
• 2. INDUSTRIAL
• 3. COMMERCIAL
• 4. INSTITUTIONAL
• 5. CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION AREAS
• 6. MUNICIPAL SERVICES
• 7. TREATMENT PLANTS AND SITES
• 8. AGRICULTURE
• OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL SOLID EWASTE MANAGEMENT
• PRIMARY COLLECTION
• A) PRIMARY COLLECTION
• B) STORAGE - MINI TRANSFER STATION:
• TRANSPORTATION
• TREATMENT & DISPOSAL
• A) TREATMENT
• I. COMPOST PLANT
• II. ORGANIC COM POSTER
• III. BIO-CNG
• B) DISPOSAL SYSTEM
• LOCATION OF DISPOSAL SITE:
• DHAPA
• REMEDIATION PROJECT AT DHAPA
• ONGOING PROJECT:
• FUTURE PLAN
• STATUS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• RAPIDLY INCREASING AREAS TO BE SERVED AND QUANTITY OF WASTE:
• INADEQUATE RESOURCES:
• INAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY:
• DISPROPORTIONATELY HIGH COST OF MANPOWER:
• SOCIETAL AND MANAGEMENT APATHY:
• LOW EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEM:
• SOURCE AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
• TYPE AND QUANTITY OF WASTE
• DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF SOLID WASTE INCLUDE:
• INITIAL STEPS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• GOVERNMENT SUPPORT IN MSW MANAGEMENT
• SUBSIDIES:
• FLEXIBILITY:
• INCREASED EFFICIENCY:
• BIOMETHANATION
• THERE ARE SOME WELL-KNOWN EXAMPLES OF INSTALLATION OF MSW BASED BIOGAS PLANTS:
• SOURCE SEGREGATION
• DUTIES OF WASTE GENERATORS:-
• 1. EVERY WASTE GENERATOR SHALL-
• DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES:-
• STORAGE OF SEGREGATED SOLID WASTE AT SOURCE:-
• DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES: -
• DUTIES OF WASTE GENERATOR:-
• MERITS OF BIOMETHANATION PROCESS
• GENERALLY THE OVERALL PROCESS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR STAGES:
• MSW USE IN BIOGAS PLANT
• METHANOGENIC BACTERIA OR METHANOGENS:
• TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS:
• 3.4.1 THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF BIOGAS
• BIOLOGICAL UPGRADING OF BIOGAS
• KEY COMPONENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FIVE KEY COMPONENTS:
• GENERATION
• STORAGE
• COLLECTION
• TRANSPORTATION
• DISPOSAL
• METHOD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
• 1) COMPOSTING
• 2) SANITISATION
• 3) PRE - SORTING
• 4) DECOMPOSITION OF SEGREGATED DEGRADABLE WASTE
• 5) THE WINDOWS OF FORMATION
• 6) WINDROWS PLATFORM
• 7) TURNING OF WINDROWS
• 8) EQUIPMENT
• 9) MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE AND AERATION
• 10) ADD ON MATERIAL
• 11) PREVENTION OF POLLUTION
• 12) ORGANIC MANURE
• 13) LEACHEAT GENERATION RUNS OFF
• 14) LAMINATED PLASTIC SHEETS
• 15) MONSOON SHED
• 16) PROCESSING OF THE DEGRADED ORGANIC MATTER
• 17) 35MM SCREEN
• 18) 14MM SCREEN
• 19) REJECTS
• 20) 6MM FINAL SCREEN
• 21) MATURITY/ CURING SHED
• 22) NO CRUSHING & GRINDING FINISHING
• 23) DE - STONING FACILITY
• 24) 6 MM REJECT
• 25) MIXING
• 26) PACKING:
• 27) FUEL PELLETS/ RDF: MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF MSW
• 28) INNERTS PROCESSING
• 29) PLASTIC RECYCLING
• 30) LANDFILL
• CURRENT TECHNOLOGY FOR MSW
• LAND FILLING:
• INCINERATION:
• PYROLYSIS:
• COMPOSTING:
• ANAEROBIC DIGESTION:
• SELECTION OF SUITABLE DIGESTION PROCESS:
• DIGESTION MAY BE CONTINUOUS PROCESS OR BATCH PROCESS.
• TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOGAS PLANT:
• THERE ARE THREE MAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOGAS PLANT. THESE ARE:
• THE TECHNOLOGY SELECTION PROCESS DEPENDS ON SOME BASIC FACTORS. SUCH AS
• PROCESS FOR MSW HANDLING
• MSW PIT & GRAB OPERATIONS
• PRE-PROCESSING SECTION
• AIR DENSITY SEPARATOR
• HAG & DRYER
• OUTPUT FROM MSW
• A. NON BIODEGRADABLE OR DRY FRACTIONS
• 1. RECYCLABLES COLLECTED FROM HOUSEHOLDS, COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS
• 2. CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS
• B. BIO-DEGRADABLE FRACTIONS
• CALCULATION FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM DRY WASTE
• A. SEGREGATED FRACTION
• B. NON- SEGREGATED FRACTION (MIXED)
• TPD THE VARIOUS FRACTIONS PRESENT IN THE WASTE ARE AS PER BELOW TABLE
• 2. BIODEGRADABLE OR WET WASTE
• THE BIODEGRADABLE WASTE IS COLLECTED IN 3 FORMS,
• CALCULATION OF RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM BIO-DEGRADABLE FRACTION
• STEPS FOR MSW MANAGEMENT PLANT:
• SIMPLE PROCESS FLOW:
• A. TIPPING FLOOR – DRY WASTE
• B. DRY FEED HOPPER 1 WITH BAG OPENER
• KINDS OF OBJECTS IN DIFFERENT COLORED BAGS
• C. LAMELLA SCREEN
• D. MANUAL SORTING STATION
• E. BALER WITH WRAPPING UNIT
• F. SHREDDER
• G. CONTAINER STORAGE SYSTEM
• DETAILS OF THE MRF TREATMENT UNITS
• DRY WASTE FEED HOPPER-1 WITH BAG OPENER
• CHAIN BELT BUNKER CONVEYOR WITH METERING DRUM
• MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
• B. LAMELLA SCREEN
• THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
• C. MANUAL SORTING STATION
• D. DISPOSAL CHUTES:
• E. EQUIPMENT FOR EACH HAND-PICKING WORK STATION:
• THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MANUAL SORTING STATION IS AS FOLLOWS:
• F. IRON SEPARATOR
• THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
• G. BALER WITH FEED CONVEYOR AND WRAPPING UNIT
• CHANNEL AUTOMATIC BALER
• THE MATERIALS TO BE BALED INCLUDE:
• THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
• WRAPPING UNIT:
• THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
• H. SHREDDER
• THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
• I. CONVEYORS
• CONVEYOR BELT AND ROLLERS:
• MAINTENANCE:
• DRIVEN SECTION:
• TAIL SECTION:
• CHAIN CONVEYOR
• CHAIN BELT CONVEYOR
• ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES
• AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
• WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
• SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
• NOISE
• ECOLOGY OF THE AREA
• GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
• LAND USE
• ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
• EQUIPMENT DETAILS
• FEED HOPPER:
• WASTE CONVEYOR:
• TROMMEL SCREEN:
• COMPOSTING TROMMEL SCREEN:
• MAGNETIC SEPARATOR:
• LAMELLA SCREEN
• BALER
• WET TROMMEL SCREEN:
• ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
• MAGNETIC SEPARATOR
• TROMMEL SCREEN:
• SHREDDER MACHINE
• LAMELLA SCREEN:
• FEED HOPPER:

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)