Detailed Project Report on Sodium Hypochlorite Solution (12.5%)

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION (12.5%)

[EIRI/EDPR/4349] J.C.: 2534XL 

INTRODUCTION

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a solution made from reacting chlorine with a sodium hydroxide solution. Sodium hypochlorite, commonly referred to as bleach, has a variety of uses and is an excellent disinfectant/antimicrobial agent.

Sodium hypochlorite is available as a solution in concentrations of 5 to 15% chlorine. Sodium hypochlorite is easier to handle than chlorine gas or calcium hypochlorite. It is, however, extremely corrosive and should be kept away from equipment that could be damaged by corrosion. Hypochlorite solutions decompose and should not be stored for more than 1 month and must be stored in a cool, dark, dry area.

Sodium hypochlorite is most often encountered as a pale greenish-yellow dilute solution referred to as liquid bleach, which is a household chemical widely used as a disinfectant or a bleaching agent. In solution, the compound is unstable and easily decomposes, liberating chlorine, which is the active principle of such products. Sodium hypochlorite is the oldest and still most important chlorine-based bleach.

It is intended to prepare a Feasibility Report to install 12000 MT/Year Sodium Hypochlorite (12.5%) solution production facilities as a Green Field Project. 

2. Uses /Applications

• Sodium hypochlorite is used on a large scale in agriculture, chemical industries, paint- and lime industries, food industries, glass industries, paper industries, pharmaceutical industries, synthetics industries and waste disposal industries. 

• In the textile industry sodium hypochlorite is used to bleach textile. 

• It is sometimes added to industrial waste water. This is done to reduce odors. 

• Hypochlorite neutralizes sulphur hydrogen gas (SH) and ammonia (NH3). 

• It is also used to detoxify cyanide baths in metal industries. 

• Hypochlorite can be used to prevent algae and shellfish growth in cooling towers. 

• In water treatment, hypochlorite is used to disinfect water. 

• In households, hypochlorite is used frequently for the purification and disinfection of the house.

Bleaching

Household bleach is, in general, a solution containing 3–8% sodium hypochlorite, by weight, and 0.01–0.05% sodium hydroxide; the sodium hydroxide is used to slow the decomposition of sodium hypochlorite into sodium chloride and sodium chlorate.

Cleaning

Sodium hypochlorite has destaining properties. Among other applications, it can be used to remove mold stains, dental stains caused by fluorosis, and stains on crockery, especially those caused by the tannins in tea. It has also been used in laundry detergents and as a surface cleaner. It is also used in sodium hypochlorite washes.

Its bleaching, cleaning, deodorizing and caustic effects are due to oxidation and hydrolysis (saponification). Organic dirt exposed to hypochlorite becomes water-soluble and non-volatile, which reduces its odor and facilitates its removal.

Disinfection

Sodium hypochlorite in solution exhibits broad spectrum anti-microbial activity and is widely used in healthcare facilities in a variety of settings. It is usually diluted in water depending on its intended use. "Strong chlorine solution" is a 0.5% solution of hypochlorite used for disinfecting areas contaminated with body fluids, including large blood spills (the area is first cleaned with detergent before being disinfected).It may be made by diluting household bleach as appropriate (normally 1 part bleach to 9 parts water). "Weak chlorine solution" is a 0.05% solution of hypochlorite used for washing hands, but is normally prepared with calcium hypochlorite granules.

Deodorizing

Sodium hypochlorite has deodorizing properties, which go hand in hand with its cleaning properties.

Waste Water Treatment

Sodium hypochlorite solutions have been used to treat dilute cyanide waste water, such as electroplating wastes. In batch treatment operations, sodium hypochlorite has been used to treat more concentrated cyanide wastes, such as silver cyanide plating solutions. 

Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as a biocide in industrial applications to control slime and bacteria formation in water systems used at power plants, pulp and paper mills, etc., in solutions typically of 10–15% by weight.

Endodontics

Sodium hypochlorite is the medicament of choice due to its efficacy against pathogenic organisms and pulp digestion in endodontic therapy. Its concentration for use varies from 0.5% to 5.25%. At low concentrations it dissolves mainly necrotic tissue; at higher concentrations it also dissolves vital tissue and additional bacterial species. 

Nerve Agent Neutralization

50% sodium hypochlorite is used to neutralize any accidental releases of nerve agent in the toxic areas. Lesser concentrations of sodium hypochlorite are used in similar fashion in the Pollution Abatement System to ensure that no nerve agent is released in furnace flue gas.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity            40 MT/Day

Land & Building (2675 sq.mt.)    Rs. 3.20 Cr

Plant & Machinery                    Rs. 3.02 Cr

Working Capital for 1 Month    Rs. 98.15 Lac

Total Capital Investment          Rs. 7.60 Cr

Rate of Return                          45%

Break Even Point                      51%

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

USES/APPLICATIONS

BLEACHING

CLEANING

DISINFECTION

DEODORIZING

WASTE WATER TREATMENT

ENDODONTICS

NERVE AGENT NEUTRALIZATION

REDUCTION OF SKIN DAMAGE

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE USE

ADVANTAGES

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE AS A DISINFECTANT HAS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:

DISADVANTAGES

MARKET OVERVIEW

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE MARKET, BY APPLICATION

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE MARKET, BY REGION

REGIONAL INSIGHTS

KEY COMPANIES & MARKET SHARE INSIGHTS

SOME OF THE PROMINENT PLAYERS IN THE SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE MARKET INCLUDE

PROPERTIES

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION ARE AS UNDER:

IMPORTANCE OF DENSITY

BLEACH STABILITY AND DENSITY AT 21ºC (70ºF)

CHARACTERISTICS

BIS SPECIFICATION

FORMULATION

RAW MATERIALS

CHLORINE GAS

RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS

MANUFACTURING PROCESS STEPS

PROCESS FLOW

PRODUCT STORAGE REQUIREMENT (TYPICAL)

TANK

VENTING

OVERFLOWS

STORAGE TANK IDENTIFICATION

CLEANING

INSPECTION

ENGINEERING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

ETP FACILITY

SEWAGE AND WASTE WATER EFFLUENT

UTILITIES REQUIREMENT (ESTIMATED-MONTH)

WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT/GREEN BELT

GREEN BELT

WATER (ESTIMATED)

WASTE (ESTIMATED)

FLUE GAS (ESTIMATED)

PLANT & MACHINERY

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY/TURNKEY SUPPLIERS

EOT CRANES

D.G. SETS

POWER TRANSFORMERS

COOLING TOWER

ETP PLANTS

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS

AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS

AIR COMPRESSOR

PLATEFORM WEIGHING MACHINE

MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS

ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP

INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENTS

PRELIMINARY LAYOUT

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT

MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:

PLANT LOCATION FACTORS

PRIMARY FACTORS

RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:

MARKETS:

POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:

WATER SUPPLY:

CLIMATE:

TRANSPORTATION:

WASTE DISPOSAL:

LABOR:

REGULATORY LAWS:

TAXES:

SITE CHARACTERISTICS:

COMMUNITY FACTORS:

FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:

HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

OPERATION PHASE

MITIGATION MEASURES (PROPOSED)

HSE REQUIREMENT

SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL MEASURE

(STORAGE/HANDLING OF RAW MATERIAL & PRODUCT)

ENVIRONMENTAL/SAFETY LIABILITY AND ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE PROCESS

POTENTIAL RISKS

PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

PROJECT FINANCIALS

BASIS & PRESUMPTIONS (FOR PROFITABILITY WORKINGS)

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)