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OXYGEN PLANT [CRYOGENIC]
AIR SEPARATION METHOD
[CODE NO.4108]
Air is a mixture of gases, consisting primarily of Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%) and inert gas argon (0.9%). The remaining 0.1% is made up mostly of Carbon dioxide and inert gases such as Helium (He), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) and Neon (Ne) and other gases like Hydrogen (H2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Chlorine (Cl2), Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Acetylene (C2H2), Methane (CH4) and Propane (C3H8). In addition, there are many different mixtures of these and other gases to meet the needs of specific applications. Air can be separated into its components by means of distillation in special units. So called air fractionating plants employ a thermal process known as cryogenic rectification to separate the individual components from one another to produce high purity Nitrogen, Oxygen and Argon in liquid and gaseous form.
Industrial gases are gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in Industry. The principal gases provided are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene, although a huge variety of gases and mixtures are available in gas cylinders. The industry producing these gases is known as the industrial gases industry, which is seen as also encompassing the supply of equipment and technology to produce and use the gases. Their production is a part of the wider chemical Industry (where industrial gases are often seen as "specialty chemicals").
Industrial gases are used in a wide range of industries, which include oil and gas, petrochemicals, chemicals, power, mining, steelmaking, metals, environmental protection, medicine, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food, water, fertilizers, nuclear power, electronics, and aerospace. Industrial gas is sold to other industrial enterprises; typically comprising large orders to corporate industrial clients, covering a size range from building a process facility or pipeline down to cylinder gas supply.
Some trade scale business is done, typically through tied local agents who are supplied wholesale. This business covers the sale or hire of gas cylinders and associated equipment to tradesmen and occasionally the public. This includes products such as balloon helium, dispensing gases for beer kegs, welding gases and welding equipment, LPG and medical oxygen.
Retail sales of small-scale gas supply are not confined to just the industrial gas companies or their agents. A wide variety of hand-carried small gas containers, which may be called cylinders, bottles, cartridges, capsules, or canisters are available to supply LPG, butane, propane, carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide. Examples are Whipped-cream chargers, powerlets, campingaz and sodastream.
The great importance of the industrial gas, oxygen is due to the usefulness of the acetylene torch for steel welding and steel cutting, and for the welding of other metals, to lesser degree to the oxyhydrogen flame. Oxygen gas in the breathing apparatus for a visitor at high altitudes and for oxygen tents in hospitals is a high altitudes and for oxygen tents in hospitals is a more recent development. An extension of the use of oxygen lies in the increased intensity and speed of reactions brought about by oxygen enriched air instead of ordinary air; the reduction of the cycle time so achieved in chemical or metallurgical process permits a greater yield per volume of equipment and brings about lower costs. Oxygen as a raw material for synthesizing chemical compounds is in daily use (ethylene oxide, sodium peroxide). Liquid oxygen mixed with carbon black may yet become an important and cheap explosive.
On the commercial scale, oxygen is made from atmospheric air small production by the electrolysis of water is the result of special circumstances.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 100 Tons/Day
Land & Building (8000 sq.mt.) Rs. 5.96 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 68.00 Cr
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs.12.69 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 90.75 Cr
Rate of Return 30%
Break Even Point 63%
- INTRODUCTION
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- NITROGEN
- ARGON
- PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
- PROPERTIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE
- PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN
- Grade
- Hazard
- PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN
- Grades of Nitrogen
- Properties of Argon
- Grades
- Shipment
- USES AND APPLICATION
- SELECT INDUSTRIES OF USE
- OXYGEN USE IN THE GLASS INDUSTRY
- OXYGEN USE IN COAL GASIFICATION
- CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING
- STEEL MANUFACTURING & METAL FABRICATION
- HEALTH CARE & MEDICAL
- ELECTRONICS
- FOOD & BEVERAGE
- WATER TREATMENT
- ACETYLENE
- HYDROGEN
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- NITROGEN
- OXYGEN
- ARGON
- GENERAL USES OF OXYGEN
- CHEMICALS
- EXPLOSIVES
- OTHER USES
- USES OF NITROGEN
- USES OF CARBON DIOXIDE
- COMMERCIAL USES
- CARBON DIOXIDE CONTAINERS
- LIQUEFIED CARBON DIOXIDE CONTAINERS
- HANDLING PRE-CAUTIONS
- DRY ICE CONVERTERS
- CONVERTER HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
- USES OF ARGON GAS
- COMPOSITION OF MOIST FREE AIR
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- INDIAN STANDARDS
- COMPOSITION OF AIR
- HEADQUARTERS
- SALES OUTLETS ADDRESS
- TELEPHONE NO/FAX/E-MAIL
- OVERVIEW OF AIR SEPERATION PLANT
- GLOBAL AIR SEPARATION PLANT MARKET OVERVIEW
- GLOBAL AIR SEPARATION PLANT MARKET POSITION
- INDIAN MARKET POSITION
- ELECTRICITY AVAILABILITY
- DISTRIBUTIONAL LOGISTICS
- SKILLED MANPOWER
- GROWTH CHECK
- COMPETITION
- FUTURE SCENARIO
- ENERGY
- ENVIRONMENT
- EATABLES
- CONCLUSION
- GLOBAL MARKET OF INDUSTRIAL GASES
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF OXYGEN, NITROGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, ARGON
- RAW MATERIALS
- COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR OXYGEN PLANT
- CRYOGENIC SEPARATION
- PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
- MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY
- SEQUENCES IN AIR SEPERATION PLANT
- PLANT OPERATION
- STARTUP AND DEFROSTING TIME
- SHUTDOWN
- SOUND LEVEL
- GAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF AIR
- LIQUEFACTION
- FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
- CYLINDER FILLING
- TECHNICAL DETAILS OF AIR SEPERATION PLANT
- COMPRESSION OF AIR
- PRECOOLING OF AIR
- PURIFICATION OF AIR
- COOLING OF AIR
- SEPARATION OF AIR
- WITHDRAWAL AND STORAGE
- PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE AND ARGON
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- OXYGEN AND NITROGEN GAS
- OTHER DETAILS OF OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SEPARATION FROM AIR
- DISTRIBUTIONS
- FILLING
- CYLINDERS
- LIQUID OXYGEN
- ARGON GAS
- PROCESS IN DETAILS
- PRETREATING
- SEPARATING
- PURIFYING
- QUALITY CONTROL
- CRYOGENIC LIQUID DISTRIBUTION METHOD
- GAS PURITY MEASUREMENTS IN GAS BOTTLING PLANTS
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
- AIR COMPRESSORS
- DISTILLATION UNITS
- CONDENSER
- HEAT EXCHANGER
- REFRIGERATION PLANTS
- STORAGE TANKS
- LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
- INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS
- CAUSTIC SODA
- LUBRICATING OIL
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)