ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT
[CODE NO.4254]
Ordinary Portland Cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin, and is usually made from limestone. Ordinary Portland cement is a hydraulic binder and a finely ground inorganic material. When mixed with water, it forms a paste which sets and hardens by means of hydraulic reactions
It is a fine powder, produced by heating limestone and clay minerals in a kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker, and adding 3 to 4 percent of gypsum. Several types of Ordinary Portland Cement are available. The most common, called ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is grey. Ordinary Portland Cement is caustic, so it can cause chemical burns. The powder can cause irritation or, with severe exposure, lung cancer, and can contain a number of hazardous components, including crystalline silica and hexavalent chromium. Environmental concerns are the high energy consumption required to mine, manufacture, and transport the cement, and the related air pollution, including the release of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, dioxin, NOx, SO2, and particulates. Production of Ordinary Portland Cement contributes about 10% of world carbon dioxide emissions.
The low cost and widespread availability of the limestone, shales, and other naturally-occurring materials used in Ordinary Portland Cement make it one of the lowest-cost materials widely used over the last century. Concrete produced from Ordinary Portland Cement is one of the world's most versatile construction materials.
The general cement manufacturing plant, the Ordinary Portland Cement manufacturing process can be generally divided into six steps:
Crushing:
Carbonate composition mostly uses primary crushing. Since a large number of dye oxides are concentrated in the fine particles, it is best to screen the fine particles before feeding them into the cement crusher. The clay ingredients are usually broken individually
Step -1 - Crushing (Jaw Crusher)
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 840 Ton./Day
Land & Building (16,980 sq.mt.) Rs. 10.69 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 33.24 Cr
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 49.88 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 95.70 Cr
Rate of Return 19%
Break Even Point 66%
- INTRODUCTION
- USES/APPLICATIONS/ADVANTAGES
- PROPERTIES / SPECIFICATIONS
- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT & WHITE CEMENT
- ASTM TESTING METHODS
- MARKET OVERVIEW
- RAW MATERIALS
- PROCESS STEPS/PROCESS FLOW SCHEMATIC
- CRITICAL PROCESS CONDITION/REQUIREMENTS
- UTILITY REQUIREMENT (ESTIMATED)
- PLANT & MACHINERY USED FOR THE PROCESS
- PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIER/TURNKEY CONSULTANTS
- WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT/GREEN BELT
- HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT
- ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
- MITIGATION MEASURES (PROPOSED)
- HEALTH SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT
- SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL MEASURE
- PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
- PROJECT FINANCIALS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
