NICOTINE SULPHATE
[CODE NO.4158]
From harvesting of tobacco to manufacture of products, large quantities of waste materials comprising rejected leaves broken bits of lamina nidribs, stalks and stems accumulate such materials however can be utilized with considerable benefit. Nicotine and tobacco seeds are by far the most important by products derived from tobacco waste.
In addition many other chemicals like nicotine acid, nicotine sulphate, rutin, pectic and certain organic acids can be produced from these wastes.
The average nicotine content in Indian tobacco waste is 1-3% waste containing even less than 2 percent nicotine can be utilized. A simple and economic process by which about 95% of the nicotine present in tobacco waste can be recovered as nicotine sulphate has been developed by National Chemical Laboratory, Poona, and is being commercially exploited by Tobacco By Products Ltd., Guntur Urvakunj Tobacco By Products, Dharmaj (Gujarat) is also one of the nicotine sulphate manufacturing units.
Nicotine sulphate is extensively used in the control of insect pest of agricultural importance. It is being manufactured from waste tobacco and from the liquors obtained from factories making chewing and smoking tobacco. The waste tobacco is macerated with water and lime and then steam distilled. The distillate is neutralized with sulphuric acid and concentrated.
USES AND APPLICATIONS
1. Nicotine sulphate is classed as a contact insecticide, but appears to act principally as a furnigant and some times as a stomach poison.
2. It is effective against a number of vegetable and fruit pests, particularly the soft bodied and minute insects including aphids, white flies, leaf hoppers, thrips, red spiders, snails slugs, and cabbage butterfly larvac.
3. It is not persistent, and at high dilutious commonly used; it does not leave dangerous traces in products for human consumption.
4. Nicotine sulphate is safer and more convenient to handle and the free alkaloid is rapidly liberated by the addition of soap, hydrated lime, or ammonium hydroxide to the spray solution.
5. Nicotine sulfate (C10H14N). H2SO4 has been in used as a aphicide on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals because it is less volatile than nicotine and safer to handle.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 20 Kg./Day
Land & Building (600 sq.mt.) Rs. 69 Lac
Plant & Machinery Rs. 11 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 11 Lacs
Total Capital Investment Rs. 95 Lac
Rate of Return 37%
Break Even Point 58%
- INTRODUCTION
- USES AND APPLICATIONS
- PROPERTIES
- HAZARD AND SHIPPING REGULATION:-
- PROPERTIEAS AND STRUCTURE OF NICOTINE
- STRUCTURE OF NICOTINE
- STRUCTURE OF NICOTINE
- PHYSIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF NICOTINE
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- 1. SCOPE
- 2. REQUIREMENTS
- 3. PACKING AND MARKING
- 4. SAMPLING
- 5. TESTS
- APPENDIX -A
- DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE CONTENT
- A-1 METHOD
- A-2 REAGENTS
- APPENDIX - B
- SEDIMENTATION TEST
- B-1 PROCEDURE
- B-2 REPORT
- NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
- SPECIFICATION
- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
- MODE OF ACTION:
- USES:
- CHEMICAL FORMULA:
- ADVANTAGES:
- NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
- MARKET OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- MARKET OVERIEW OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATE USE FOR TOBACCO:
- [COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS]:
- A LOOK AT THE ORGANS OF THE BODY HARMED BY TOBACCO SMOKE
- PHARMACEUTICAL USE OF NICOTINE:
- COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE & NICOTINE DERIVATIVES
- RECOMMENDATIONS:
- PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- MARKET OVERVIEW OF TOBACOO
- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
- CHEMISTRY OF NICOTINE
- THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION INSTALLATION WAS BUILT
- UP AS FOLLOWS:-
- (1) THE STEAM DISTILLATION KETTLE.
- (2) THE STEAM-HEATED NICOTINE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER.
- (3) THE NICOTINE CONCENTRATIOIN FLASKS.
- (D) THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION PROCESS.
- (1) THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ACID IN THE FLASKS.
- (2) THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER
- (3) THE DLSTILLATION PERIOD.
- (4) THE AMMONIUNN SULPHATE FORMED IN 'THE RECEIVING FLASKS.
- (5) THE SEPARATION OF THE AMMONIUM SULPHATE AND NECOTINE
- SULPHATE
- VALUE OF BY PRODUCTS
- THE EXTRACTED TOBACCO RESIDUE
- COMMERCIAL
- CHARACTERISTICS & APPLICATION OF NICOTINE:-
- MODE ACTION:-
- ZONES OF CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO:-
- RAW MATERIALS
- TOBACCO:-
- CULTIVATION
- SOWING AND GROWTH
- HARVEST
- GLOBAL PRODUCTION
- TRENDS
- MAJOR PRODUCERS
- UNITED STATES
- CHINA
- BRAZIL
- INDIA
- BENZENE:-
- HAZARD:-
- LIME:-
- HAZARD:-
- SULFURIC ACID:-
- HAZARD:-
- TOBACCO LEAF BY-PRODUCTS (TOBACCO WASTE)
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE (40%)
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE 95% (INTERMEDIATE
- TO ANUFACTURE NICOTINE USP/EP)
- MASS BALANCE OF NICOTINE 95%
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE (PURE) USP
- MASS BALANCE OF NICOTINE USP/EP
- PROCESSING DETAILS OF NICOTINE (USP)
- PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
- MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN DETAIL
- EXTRACTION OF NICOTINE BY MEANS OF STEAM:-
- PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
- PRODUCTION OF NICOTINE SULFATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
- NICOTINE SULPHATE (MANUFACTURING PROCESS)
- RECOVERY OF SOLVENT
- IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE:-
- EXTRACTION OF ALKALOIDS
- ISOLATION OF NICOTINE
- ISOLATION OF NICOTINE
- OPTIMIZATION OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
- SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- SECTION 2: PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION
- SECTION 3: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
- SECTION 4: TOXICITY DATA
- SECTION 5: STABILITY
- SECTION 6: PREVENTIVE STEPS
- SECTION 7: FIRST AID MEASURES
- SECTION 8: STORAGE & HANDLING
- TESTING METHOD OF NICOTINE AND NICOTINE SULPHATE
- EXAMPLE L
- STAGE 1 HARVESTING AND DEEP FREEZING
- STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
- STAGE III EXTRACTION
- STAGE IV SEPARATION
- STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
- STAGE VI TESTING
- STAGE VII PACKING
- EXAMPLE 2
- STAGE 1 MIXING
- STAGE II PERCOLATION
- STAGE III EXTRACTION
- STAGE IV SEPARATION
- STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
- STAGE VI PACKING
- STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
- STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE X TESTING
- STAGE XI PACKING
- EXAMPLE 3
- STAGE 1 MIXING
- STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
- STAGE IV SEPARATION
- STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
- STAGE VI PACKING
- STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE X TESTING
- STAGE XI PACKING
- EXAMPLE 4
- STAGE 1 MIXING
- STAGE II PERCOLATION
- STAGE III EXTRACTION
- STAGE IV SEPARATION
- STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
- STAGE VI PACKING
- STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
- STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
- STAGE X TESTING
- STAGE XI PACKING
- EXAMPLE 5
- STAGE I WASHINGS OF THE INSOLUBLE FRACTION
- STAGE II CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
- STAGE III CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
- STAGE IV RECONSTITUTION OF THE TOBACCO BY IMPREGNATION
- STAGE V TESTING OF THE TOBACCO
- STAGE VI PACLDNG
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SUPPLIERS OF TOBACCO WASTE
- SUPPLIERS OF BENZENE
- SUPPLIERS OF LIME POWDER
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY [GLOBAL]
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
- SUPPLIERS OF REACTION VESSEL
- SUPPLIERS OF INDUSTRIAL FILTERS
- SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION UNITS
- SUPPLIERS OF EVAPORATORS
- SUPPLIERS OF TRAY DRYER
- SUPPLIERS OF DIGESTER TANKS
- SUPPLIERS OF CRYSTALLIZATION TRAY
- SUPPLIERS OF CENTRIFUGE MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE TANK
- SUPPLIERS OF WATER SOFTENING PLANT
- SUPPLIERS OF STEAM BOILERS
- SUPPLIERS OF GENERATOR (D.G. SET)
- SUPPLIERS OF PACKING MACHINE
- SUPPLIERS OF CONVEYOR BELT
- SUPPLIERS OF ELEVATORS, ESCALATORS
- BUYER’S LIST OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
- BUYER’S OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
