LITHIUM FERRO PHOSPHATE BATTERY
FOR EVEHICLE AND SOLAR STREET LIGHTS ETC.
[CODE NO.3796]
A lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery is a type of lithium-ion battery that is capable of charging and discharging at high speeds compared to other types of batteries. It is a rechargeable battery consisting of LiFePO4 as its cathode material; hence the name.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries have several distinctive features, including:
• Better power density
• Low discharge rate
• Flat discharge curve
• Less heating
• Higher number of charge cycles
• Increased safety
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are also known as lithium ferrophosphate batteries.
The first model of the lithium iron phosphate battery was made after the discovery of phosphate as a cathode material for use in li-ion batteries in 1996. Improvements in the coatings and usage of nano-scale phosphate have made this type of battery more efficient.
The major distinction that lithium iron phosphate batteries have from other li-ion batteries is that LFP is capable of delivering a constant voltage and also has a comparatively higher charge cycle, in the range of 2000-3000. LFP batteries are environmentally safe and structurally stable. They have a lower energy density and low discharge rate. They do not heat up easily and are relatively cooler than other batteries. The chemistry of the battery saves it from thermal runaway, and hence it is considered to be safe for home use.
Due to their constant voltage and safe discharge, LFPs have found applications in cars, bicycles and solar devices. They are also used as replacements for costly lead-acid starter batteries. They are well suited for applications that require high-load currents and endurance. They are easy to store and carry due to their light weight and ability to provide huge amounts of energy. They are widely used in portable electronic devices like laptops and mobile phones.
A recent improvement over the original lithium iron phosphate cathode material by MIT has allowed these batteries to be charged up to 100 times faster than the previous speed. An improvised coating of an ion conductor onto the LFP has enabled the acceleration of ions, and thus the charging time has been greatly reduced.
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)
Phosphate based technology possesses superior thermal and chemical stability which provides better safety characteristics than those of Lithium-ion technology made with other cathode materials. Lithium phosphate cells are incombustible in the event of mishandling during charge or discharge, they are more stable under overcharge or short circuit conditions and they can withstand high temperatures without decomposing. When abuse does occur, the phosphate based cathode material will not burn and is not prone to thermal runaway. Phosphate chemistry also offers a longer cycle life.
Lithium Ion Cathode Chemistry Comparison (Used With Carbon Anodes)
Cathode Material Typical Voltage (V) Energy Density Thermal Stability
Gravimeric (Wh/Kg) Volumetric (Wh/L)
kmnm
Advantages:
a) Quick charging
b) Safer performance and large overcharge tolerance
c) Self balance
d) Simplified battery management system and battery charger
e) Four times higher energy density than a Lead-acid battery
f) Runs better at high temperature with 10% enhanced capacity
g) Longer life cycle of up to 2000 cycles
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 40 Nos/Day
Land & Building (231 sq.mt.) Lease
Plant & Machinery Rs. 56 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 17.89 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 18.62 Cr
Rate of Return 57%
Break Even Point 24%
- INTRODUCTION
- LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE (LIFEPO4)
- LITHIUM ION CATHODE CHEMISTRY COMPARISON (USED WITH CARBON ANODES)
- CONSTRUCTION OF LI FERO PHOSPHATE BATTERY
- CHARGING AND DISCHARGING PHENOMINA IN LI ION BATTERY
- SAFETY FACTOR IN LITHIUM ION PHOSPHATE BATTERIES
- CHARACTERSTICS OF LIFEPO4 BATTERIES
- DIFFERENT SHAPES OF LITHIUM FERRO PHOSPHATE CELLS
- USES AND APPLICATION
- ADVANCE APPLICATION OF LIFEPO4 IN HEV
- B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
- PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR BATTERY ASSEMBLING
- ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY
- (1) BATTERY CELL
- (A) INSPECTION AND TESTING PROCESS OF CELL
- (A) THERMAL PERFORMANCE TESTS –
- (B) COLD START TESTS –
- (C) CAPACITY TESTS –
- (D) PULSE POWER TESTS –
- (E) SELF-DISCHARGE TESTS –
- (F) ENERGY EFFICIENCY TESTS –
- (G) CYCLIC LIFE TESTS-
- (H) CALENDAR LIFE TESTS –
- (I) REFERENCE PERFORMANCE TESTS –
- (A) CELL SELECTION
- (B) CELL HANDLING PROCEDURE
- (C) CELL STORAGE
- (2) BATTERY PACKAGING
- MODULE PACKING
- BATTERY RETENSION SYSTEM
- BATTERY TRAY
- (3) BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
- (4) COOLING SYSTEM
- (5) TESTING
- (A) ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF CYLINDRICAL CELL BASED BATTERY PACK
- (I) CELL LEVEL ASSEMBLING
- (II) ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF MODULE AND PACK LEVEL
- (B) ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF POUCH CELL BASED BATTERY PACK
- (I) ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF CELL LEVEL
- (II) ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF MODULE AND PACK LEVEL
- (C) ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF PRISMATIC CELL BASED BATTERY PACK
- (I) ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF CELL LEVEL
- (II) ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF MODULE AND PACK LEVEL
- JOINING TECHNOLOGY
- (A) ULTRASONIC WELDING OR ULTRASONIC METAL WELDING (UMW)
- (B) RESISTANCE SPOT/PROJECTION WELDING
- (C) MICRO-TIG OR PULSED ARC WELDING (PAW)
- (D) ULTRASONIC WEDGE BONDING
- (E) MICRO-CLINCHING
- (F) SOLDERING
- (G) LASER WELDING
- (H) MAGNETIC PULSE WELDING (MPW)/ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE TECHNOLOGY (EMPT)
- (I) MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY
- EQUIPMENTS FOR ASSEMBLY
- 1. LINEAR WORKPIECE CARRIER TRANSFER SYSTEM
- 2. PRE-ASSEMBLY STATION
- 3. AUTOMATIC MODULE ASSEMBLY STATION
- 1. ASSEMBLY OF SECOND SIDE PLATE
- 2. AUTOMATIC LINE CHANGE
- 3. AUTOMATIC LASER WELDING STATION
- MARKET OVERVIEW/POSITION
- GLOBAL CONTEXT AND IMPACT
- OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL LIB MARKETS AND SUPPLY CHAIN
- LITHIUM-‐ION BATTERY INTRODUCTION
- PRISMATIC LIB CELL SCHEMATIC
- CYLINDRICAL LIB CELL SCHEMATIC
- SIMPLIfiED AUTOMOTIVE LIB MANUFACTURING VALUE CHAIN
- LIB CONfiGURATIONS VARY SIGNIfiCANTLY ACROSS AUTO APPLICATIONS
- CONSUMER ELECTRONICS REPRESENT THE MAJORITY OF DEMAND FOR LIBS
- SIGNIfiCANT OVERCAPACITY IN THE AUTOMOTIVE LIB SUPPLY CHAIN
- MODERATE TO STRONG DEMAND GROWTH FORECASTED FOR AUTOMOTIVE LIBS
- MODERATE SALES GROWTH IS FORECASTED FOR ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES
- AUTOMOTIVE LIB PACK MARKETS EXPECTED TO REACH $14.3B BY 2020
- LIB MARKET AND SUPPLY CHAIN SUMMARY
- LIB CELL PRODUCTION PROCESS: CATHODE AND ANODE SHEETS
- LIB CELL PRODUCTION PROCESS: STACKED POUCH CELL ASSEMBLY
- NON - COST FACTORS DRIVE SOME LIB FACTORY LOCATION DECISIONS
- QUALITATIVE FACTORS INflUENCING FACTORY LOCATION DECISIONS
- MARKET OUTLOOK
- PROJECTED MARKET DEMAND FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES USED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FROM 2017 TO 2030 (IN GIGAWATT HOURS)
- INDIA LITHIUM-ION BATTERY MARKET:
- LITHIUM-ION BATTERY MARKET: SIZE AND DEMAND FORECAST IN USD BILLION, BY APPLICATION, INDIA, 2017- 2023
- GLOBAL LITHIUM ION BATTERY MARKET EXPECTED TO REACH $100,433.7 MILLION BY 2025
- KEY FINDINGS OF THE LITHIUM ION BATTERY MARKET:
- THE FUTURE OF BATTERY PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC VECHICLE
- PLANT LAYOUT
- SUPPLIERS OF LI ION BATTERY PACK
- SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
- SUPPLIERS OF LI ION CELL
- (CHINA SUPPLIERS FOR LITHUM ION CELL AND BATTERY)
- (INDIAN SUPPLIERS)
- SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY FOR LI ION BATTERY ASSEMBLY
- SUPPLIERS OF ASSEMBLY LINE
- SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL PANEL
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
- SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
- SUPPLIERS OF SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)