HYDROPONIC CULTIVATION AND NURSERY PLANT
[EIRI/EDPR/4234] J.C.: 2407XL
INTRODUCTION
Hydroponics meaning is to growing plants without soil, with the sources of nutrients either a nutrients solution or nutrient-enriched water, and that an inert mechanical root support may or may not be used. The word "Hydroponics" was coined by Dr. W.F. Gericke in 1936 to describe the cultivation of both edible and ornamental plants in a solution of water and dissolved nutrients. The simple meaning is derived from the Greek "Hydro"- meaning water, and "Ponos"- meaning labor. In this method of cultivation, plants are provided with the nutrients required for growth by a “nutrient” solution which is basically nutrient enriched mineral water. This nutrient solution can be circulated around the roots by either the passive force of gravity or the active force of an electromechanical pump. Some systems simply bath the roots in nutrient solution and use an air pump to oxygenate the solution from below to prevent stagnation and provide the roots with important oxygen.
Hydroponics is a method of growing crops without soil. Plants are grown in rows or on trellises, just like in a traditional garden, but they have their roots in water rather than in dirt. Most of us confuse soil with nutrients. In fact, soil provides structure, not the actual food itself, for plant roots. The food comes from other materials mixed in the soil, such as compost, broken-down plant waste or fertilizers. Plants grown hydroponically can actually grow faster and healthier than plants in soil because they don't have to fight soilborne diseases; in addition, all the food and water they need are given directly to their roots around the clock.
Plants grown in a hydroponic system are usually grown in trays that are slightly angled in order to allow the nutrient solution to flow back to the holding tank through gravity. The plants, which are grown without soil, are anchored in the trays with an inert material that is the clay, sand, rock wool, or coco coir. Hydroponic crops should be closely monitored and pruned specifically to produce high yields. Hydroponic crop yields can be up to 100 times higher than conventionally grown plants when things like vertical systems and controlled environment agriculture are taken into account. Hydroponic crops are those varieties that don’t need a lot of space and don’t take an overly long time to grow. Lettuce, tomatoes, and beans are excellent hydroponic crops, as are squash, melons, cucumbers, and leeks.
Hydroponic crop yields are cleaner and less likely to have contaminants or pesticides. Because hydroponic gardens are most often grown inside, they are not subject to the same pollutants or pests of a conventional garden or eld. India is currently importing more than 85% of its exotic vegetables, creating a growth rate of 15 to 20% per year. Certainly, the hydroponic system can help fuel this growth given the agro-based economics of India.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 133.75 Kg./Day
Land & Building (3000 sq.mt.) Rs. 21.60 Lac
Plant & Machinery Rs. 40.85 Lac
Working Capital for 3 Months Rs. 5.82 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 69.68 Lac
Rate of Return 18%
Break Even Point 68%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS HYDROPONIC FARMING?
HYDROPONICS YIELD FACTORS
YEAR-ROUND GARDENING MEANS MORE CROPS PER YEAR
HIGHER PLANT DENSITY ALLOWS FOR MORE CROPS PER ACRE
MARKET STATUS IN INDIA
NFT - NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE
IMPORTANT PARAMETERS FOR NFT HYDROPONIC FARM
MARKETING OF PLANTS FROM NURSERIES
TIME OF SALE OF NURSERY PLANTS
PUBLICITY AND ADVERTISEMENT FOR SALE OF NURSERY PLANTS
SPECIFIC IMPORTANCE OF PLANT NURSERY FOR FARMER / CULTIVATOR
ROLE OF NURSERIES IN HORTICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTION OF GENETICALLY PURE NURSERY STOCK
EXPORT OF NURSERY STOCK
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
ROLE OF NURSERIES IN DRY LAND HORTICULTURE
IMPORTANT PARAMETERS FOR CROP NURSERY
SALES PROSPECTS
VERMICOMPOST PRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES OF VERMICOMPOST OVER OTHER MANURES & BIN COMPOST
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS WHILE COMMERCIAL VERMICOMPOSTING
EARTHWORMS IN VERMICOMPOST PRODUCTION
SHEDS FOR VERMICOMPOSTING PRODUCTION:
VERMI-BEDS FOR VERMICOMPOSTING PRODUCTION:
SEED STOCK FOR VERMICOMPOSTING PRODUCTION:
WATER SUPPLY FOR VERMICOMPOSTING PRODUCTION:
MACHINERY FOR VERMICOMPOSTING PRODUCTION:
PRECAUTIONS IN PREPARING VERMICOMPOST
PESTS AND DISEASES IN VERMICOMPOSTING
SCOPE OF BUSINESS/SALES PROSPECTS
GLOBAL MARKET
10 MOST GLOBALLY HYDROPONICS COMPANIES
PLENTY
COMPANY OVERVIEW
BOWERY
COMPANY OVERVIEW
CANOPY GROWTH
COMPANY OVERVIEW
FREIGHT FARMS
SMART SHIPPING CONTAINERS TO GROW FOOD ANYWHERE
COMPANY OVERVIEW
VILLAGE FARMS
INTEGRATED BUSINESS OF HYDROPONIC CULTIVATION AND SUPPLY OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
COMPANY OVERVIEW
APPHARVEST
COMPANY OVERVIEW
PURE HARVEST SMART FARMS
COMPANY OVERVIEW
IRON OX
PRODUCING FRESH VEGETABLES USING AUTOMATED GREENHOUSES GROWING SYSTEM
COMPANY OVERVIEW
PHARMA CIELO
PRODUCER OF CANNABIS OIL AND OTHER PRODUCTS
COMPANY OVERVIEW
URBANKISAAN
ONLINE PLATFORM OFFERING VEGETABLES USING HYDROPONICS
COMPANY OVERVIEW
TYPES OF HYDROPONICS SYSTEMS
FLAT BED NFT SYSTEM
A FRAME NFT SYSTEM
DUTCH BUCKET SYSTEM
GROW BAGS SYSTEM
DWC (DEEP WATER CULTURE) SYSTEM
VERTIGO TOWERS SYSTEM
HOW TO GROW PLANTS HYDROPONICALLY
STEP- 1 CHOOSE AND START YOUR SEEDS AND PLANTS
HERBS
LETTUCE
STEP-2 DECIDE ON THE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM
STEP-3 SELECT A LIGHT SOURCE
STEP-4 CHOOSE A GROWTH MEDIUM
HYDROTON CLAY PEBBLES
COCOPEAT
ROCKWOOL
PERLITE
STEP-5 PURCHASE SUPPLEMENTS AND HYDROPONICS NUTRIENTS
STEP-6 PURCHASE A PH UP/DOWN AND PH METER
STEP-7 MOVE INTO AN AUTOMATED IOT BASED HYDROPONICS SYSTEM
GROWING HYDROPONIC LEAFY GREENS
FIGURE 2: LETTUCE IN NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE (NFT) CHANNELS
HEAD LETTUCE
FIGURE 3: LETTUCE SEEDLINGS
FIGURE 4: LETTUCE SEEDLING READY TO TRANSPLANT
TABLE 1
BABY LEAF GREENS
FIGURE 5: SPEEDLING TRAYS USED TO GROW BABY LEAF GREENS
FIGURE 6: BABY LEAF SPINACH PRODUCTION IN SPEEDLING TRAYS ON A SMALL DEEP WATER CULTURE (DWC) POND
NFT CHANNELS
NFT CHANNEL LENGTH FOR ONE ACRE
FRAME SIZE FOR HORIZONTAL NFT LAYOUT
NFT CHANNEL LENGTH REQUIRED FOR 1 ACRE HYDROPONIC FARM
HOW TO GROW LETTUCE HYDROPONICALLY
INTRODUCTION
OUR TOP 5 TIPS
1. CHOOSE THE BEST TYPE
2. ENSURE THERE IS PROPER LIGHTING
3. CHOOSE THE IDEAL HYDROPONICS SYSTEM
4. CHOOSE THE SUITABLE SPACE
5. CHOOSE THE RIGHT TEMPERATURE
PRO TIPS:
LOLLO ROSSO
LITTLE GEM
ROMAIN (CLASSIC AND RED)
BUTTERHEAD LETTUCE
ARUGULA
LIGHT REQUIREMENTS
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS
TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS
PH REQUIREMENTS
GROWTH MEDIUM REQUIREMENTS
TYPES OF HYDROPONICS SYSTEM FOR LETTUCE
EBB AND FLOW
DWC
NFT
RHUBARB CULTIVATION
CULTIVATION PROPAGATION
SEED:
VEGETATIVE:
CLIMATE
LIGHT
NATURAL:
ARTIFICIAL:
GROWING MEDIA
SOIL:
SOILLESS:
AEROPONICS:
CARE
WATER:
NUTRIENTS:
PRUNING:
MULCHING:
PEST(S):
DISEASE(S):
DEFICIENCY(S):
ROTATION:
COMPANIONS:
HARVEST:
STORAGE:
GROWING SWISS CHARD HYDROPONICALLY
PROCESS OF GROWING SWISS CHARD HYDROPONICALLY
PROCESS OF GROWING HYDROPONIC SWISS CHARD
WATER CONSERVATION IN HYDROPONIC
CROP HEALTH IN HYDROPONICS
HYDROPONIC SWISS CHARD GROWING CONDITIONS
GROWING PARSLEY HYDROPONICALLY – NUTRIENTS
GUIDE TO GROWING PARSLEY HYDROPONICALLY
POPULAR VARIETIES FOR GROWING PARSLEY HYDROPONICALLY
ADVANTAGES OF GROWING PARSLEY HYDROPONICALLY
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PARSLEY AND CILANTRO
IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR GROWING PARSLEY HYDROPONICALLY
DIFFERENT HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS FOR HERBS
PROCESS OF PLANTING PARSLEY HYDROPONICALLY
PESTS AND DISEASES CONTROL IN GROWING PARSLEY HYDROPONICALLY
WHEN AND HOW TO HARVEST PARSLEY IN HYDROPONICS
GROWING KALE HYDROPONICALLY
HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR GROWING KALE:
GROWING KALE HYDROPONICALLY
GETTING STARTED SEED OR CUTTINGS
HOW TO GROW KALE FROM SEED IN HYDROPONICS:
SEED STARTING IN GROWING MEDIA
AFTER SUCCESSFULLY TRANSPLANTING KALE SEEDLINGS INTO A HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOLLOWING ATTRIBUTES MUST BE TAKEN CARE OF:
HYDROPONIC KALE FERTILIZER AND NUTRIENT SOLUTION:
HYDROPONICS EQUIPMENTS
HYDROPONICS TROUGH SYSTEM
FILM LENGTH: 5-6 CENTIMETER (CM)
NFT SYSTEM
HYDROPONICS TROUGH SYSTEM
POT BASED SYSTEM
GROW BAG SYSTEM
NFT SYSTEM
PLANT & MACHINERIES SUPPLIERS ADDRESS
HYDROPHONIC EQUIPMENTS
RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS (NURSERY)
SUPPLEIRS OF WIRE FENCING
FIBRE GLASS PLASTIC SHEET FOR GREEN HOUSE
AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
PACKAGING MACHINE
D.G. SET
LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
SPECIFIC FACTORS
6. TRANSPORTATION:
A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TERM LOANS:
8. TOTAL LOAD:
9. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
UTILITIES
POWER
WORKING
UTILITIES
WATER
POWER
WASTE TREATMENT
PRIMARY TREATMENT
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT
ANAEROBIC TREATMENT HAS THE ADVANTAGES OF
METHANE FERMENTATION IS FAVORED BY A WARM CLIMATE
HOWEVER, ITS MAIN DISADVANTAGES ARE:
SECONDARY TREATMENT
TERTIARY TREATMENT
SOLIDS CONCENTRATION
TYPICAL WASTE SOLIDS CHARACTERISTICS
MACHINERY PHOTOGRTAPH
PLANT LAYOUT
TURNKEY CONSULTANT
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
