HYDROGEN PRODUCTION (99.9% PURE) AND OXYGEN AS BY PRODUCT (CAP: 21,360 KG/DAY)
[EIRI/EDPR/4490] J.C.: 2706XL
Hydrogen can be produced from diverse, domestic resources, including fossil fuels, biomass, and water electrolysis with electricity. The environmental impact and energy efficiency of hydrogen depends on how it is produced. Several projects are underway to decrease costs associated with hydrogen production.
There are several ways to produce hydrogen:
Natural Gas Reforming/Gasification:
Synthesis gas—a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of carbon dioxide—is created by reacting natural gas with high-temperature steam. The carbon monoxide is reacted with water to produce additional hydrogen. This method is the cheapest, most efficient, and most common. Natural gas reforming using steam accounts for the majority of hydrogen produced in the United States annually.
A synthesis gas can also be created by reacting coal or biomass with high-temperature steam and oxygen in a pressurized gasifier. This converts the coal or biomass into gaseous components—a process called gasification. The resulting synthesis gas contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is reacted with steam to separate the hydrogen.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 21,360 KG/Day
Land & Building (40,000 sq.mt.) Rs. 24.00 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 302.93 Cr
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 12.22 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 343.91 Cr
Rate of Return 35%
Break Even Point 58%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
THERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN:
NATURAL GAS REFORMING/GASIFICATION:
ELECTROLYSIS:
RENEWABLE LIQUID REFORMING:
FERMENTATION:
SEVERAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHODS ARE IN DEVELOPMENT:
HIGH-TEMPERATURE WATER SPLITTING:
PHOTOBIOLOGICAL WATER SPLITTING:
PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING:
DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROGEN
CURRENTLY, HYDROGEN IS DISTRIBUTED THROUGH THREE METHODS:
PIPELINE:
HIGH-PRESSURE TUBE TRAILERS:
LIQUEFIED HYDROGEN TANKERS:
DETAILS OF ELECTROLYSIS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE ELECTROLYZERS
ALKALINE ELECTROLYZERS
SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYZERS
GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW OF HYDROGEN
REGIONAL INSIGHTS
FUTURE OF GREEN HYDROGEN
POTENTIAL FOR GREEN HYDROGEN ADOPTION IN INDIA
POTENTIAL ROADMAP FOR GREEN HYDROGEN ADOPTION IN INDIA
(SOURCE: NITI AAYOG)
INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE SUMMIT:
HYDROGEN FUEL TRAINS:
HYDROGEN FUEL BUSES:
GREEN HYDROGEN MOBILITY PROJECT:
FUTURE OUTLOOK
PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN USING DIFFERENT FEED STOCK
HYDROGEN FROM FOSSIL FUELS
PRODUCTION FROM NATURAL GAS
TABLE: COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR H2 PRODUCTION
FROM NATURAL GAS
PRODUCTION FROM COAL
HYDROGEN FROM SPLITTING OF WATER
WATER ELECTROLYSIS
FIGURE: FUTURE POTENTIAL COSTS OF ELECTROLYTIC HYDROGEN
ALKALINE ELECTROLYSIS
FIGURE: PROCESS DIAGRAM OF ALKALINE ELECTROLYSIS
POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE (PEM) ELECTROLYSIS
HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS
PHOTO-ELECTROLYSIS (PHOTOLYSIS)
FIGURE: PRINCIPLE OF PHOTO-ELECTROLYTIC CELL
PHOTO-BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION (BIOPHOTOLYSIS)
FIGURE: PRINCIPLE OF PHOTO-BIOLOGICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
HIGH-TEMPERATURE DECOMPOSITION
THERMO-CHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING
FIGURE: PRINCIPLE DRAWING OF IODINE/SULFUR THERMO
-CHEMICAL PROCESS
ELECTROLYSIS FOR H2 PRODUCTION
WATER ELECTROLYSIS:
COMMERCIAL TECHNIQUES WATER ELECTROLYSIS
ALKALINE WATER ELECTROLYSIS
ALKALINE WATER ELECTROLYSER
INSIDE A WATER ELECTROLYSER
SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE ELECTROLYSIS
ALKALINE MEMBRANE CELLS
STEAM ELECTROLYSIS AT 1000OC:
TECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER ELECTROLYSIS
HIGH TEMPERATURE STEAM ELECTROLYSIS (SOEC)
DETAILS OF ELECTROLYSIS
ALKALINE ELECTROLYSIS (AEL)
PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE ELECTROLYSIS (PEM)
SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYSER (SOE)
ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE ELECTROLYSIS (AEM)
METHODS OF WATER TREATMENTS
METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT (REVERSE OSMOSIS):
REVERSE OSMOSIS:
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A COMMON REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM
COLD WATER LINE VALVE:
REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE:
AUTOMATIC SHUT OFF VALVE (SOV):
CHECK VALVE:
FLOW RESTRICTOR:
STORAGE TANK:
FAUCET:
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
ION EXCHANGE RESINS
MINI DM PLANT SPECIFICATIONS:
APPLICATIONS:
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
STORAGE LAYOUT:
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:
SAFETY:
PLANT EXPANSION:
FLOOR SPACE:
UTILITIES SERVICING:
BUILDING:
MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT:
RAILROADS AND ROADS:
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE
SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
SPECIFIC FACTORS
6. TRANSPORTATION:
A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TOTAL LOAD:
8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
