Detailed Project Report on drinking mineral water and fruit juice

DRINKING MINERAL WATER AND FRUIT JUICE 

 [CODE NO.4175]  

Mineral Water originally meant water from various natural springs which are thought to be having medicinal and curative value. These spring waters, although contain dissolved chemicals of medicinal properties, also contain harmful micro-organisms. Besides this the underground and surface water is also not potable due to hardness as well as due to presence of toxic substances and Bacteria. This requires suitable treatment and purification to make it safe and potable drinking water with long shelf life. The water is packed in suitable food grade packing generally in PVC or PET Bottles of different capacities.

Mineral water is water from a mineral spring that contains various minerals, such as salts and sulfur compounds. Mineral water may be effervescent or "sparkling" due to contained gases.

Traditionally, mineral waters were used or consumed at their spring sources, often referred to as "taking the waters" or "taking the cure," at places such as spas, baths, or wells. The term spa was used for a place where the water was consumed and bathed in; bath where the water was used primarily for bathing, therapeutics, or recreation; and well where the water was to be consumed.

Today, it is far more common for mineral water to be bottled at the source for distributed consumption. Travelling to the mineral water site for direct access to the water is now uncommon, and in many cases not possible because of exclusive commercial ownership rights. There are more than 4,000 brands of mineral water commercially available worldwide.

The more calcium and magnesium ions that are dissolved in water, the harder it is said to be; water with few dissolved calcium and magnesium ions is described as being soft.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration classifies mineral water as water containing at least 250 parts per million total dissolved solids (TDS), originating from a geologically and physically protected underground water source. No minerals may be added to this water. In many places, however, the term "mineral water" is colloquially used to mean any bottled carbonated water or soda water, as opposed to tap water.

In the European Union, bottled water may be called mineral water when it is bottled at the source and has undergone no or minimal treatment. Permitted is the removal of iron, manganese, sulfur and arsenic through decantation, filtration or treatment with ozone-enriched air, in so far as this treatment does not alter the composition of the water as regards the essential constituents which give it its properties. No additions are permitted except for carbon dioxide, which may be added, removed or re-introduced by exclusively physical methods. No disinfection treatment is permitted, nor is the addition of any bacteriostatic agents.

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration:

“Mineral water is any natural water that contains at least 250 parts per million of total dissolved solids (TDS). It must be verified through a lab test whereby a liter of water, evaporated at 180 degrees C, should leave a residue of minerals and salts. 

Up to 249 mg/liter it is classified as ‘Spring Water’.

From 250 to 500 mg/liter, it is considered ‘Low Mineral Content’ or Light Mineral Water and, Above 500 mg/liter, normal or High Mineral Content.

This mineral water must be from a geologically and physically protected underground water source. It can either be flat or sparkling. No minerals may be added to this water” 

However, in other countries, these standards may vary and the term “mineral water” can be water with a lower TDS.

Product

Water in its pure from is oxide of hydrogen or hydride of Oxygen. It is transparent and colourless liquid with a melting point of 0°C and a boiling point of 100°C. Its refractive index is 1.00 and specific gravity 1.0. Pure water is tasteless, however the pres­ence of minerals and dissolved salts and gases im­part taste in the water. Depending upon the quality of Raw water, suitable treatment is given to the water to make it as per the standards and packed in food grade plastic Bottles with label Indicating de­tails of composition, date of bottling, expiry date, quantity etc.

Potable spring waters containing, sulphur iron, magnesium and other mineral salts occurring in certain regions are claimed to be beneficial to human metabolism. They occur in specific and widely scattered locations best known of which are white sulphur springs (Virginia) Hot springs (Arkansas), saragoge springs (New York) Vichy (France Baden (Germany) and (U.S.S.R.) The therapitic  value of such waters is questionable carbonate mineral waters also contain lithium salts.

Juice is a beverage made from the extraction or pressing out of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables. It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with these or other biological food sources such as meat and seafood (e.g., clam juice). Juice is commonly consumed as a beverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods or other beverages, such as smoothies. Juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods allowed for its preservation without using fermentation (the approach used with wine production). The largest fruit juice consumers are New Zealand (nearly a cup, or 8 ounces, each day) and Colombia (more than three quarters of a cup each day). Fruit juice consumption on average increased with country income level. To the American food industry, fruit juice is more profitable than only fruit.

Packaged juice market has charted a high growth trajectory, thanks to its easy availability, anytime-anywhere consumption, and convenience.

COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity                              21250 Ltr./Day 

Land & Building (2429 sq.ft.)    Rs. 25.60 Lacs    

Plant & Machinery                          Rs. 1.06 Cr 

Working Capital for 1 Month      Rs. 1.35 Cr 

Total Capital Investment              Rs. 2.82 Cr 

Rate of Return                               51%

Break Even Point                           48%

• INTRODUCTION
  
• ACCORDING TO THE U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION:
• PRODUCT
• IMPORTANCE OF WATER
• WATER SUPPLIES AND OTHER IMPURITIES
• MAJOR IMPURITIES IN WATER
• TOP MINERAL WATER BRANDS IN INDIA
• MINERAL WATER
• TOP BRANDS OF MINERAL WATER IN INDIA:
• B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
• FORMULATION OF MINERAL WATER
• PROPERTIES OF WATER
• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• COLOR
• TASTE AND ODOR:
• DISSOLVED SOLIDS
• PH:
• TABLE 1
• GENERAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL WATER SUPPLIES
• TABLE - 2
• NATIONAL INTERIUM PRIMARY DRINKING - WATER REGULATIONS
• AMONG THESE WERE.
• TABLE - 3
• SECONDARY REGULATIONS PROMULATED IN 1979 BY THE EPAA
• A.   REF.6
• PROPERTIES OF PET BOTTLES
• USES & APPLICATIONS
• PROPERTIES OF BOTTLE GRADE PET
• COMPARISON OF MINERAL WATER WITH PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
• ADVANTAGES & BENEFITS OF MINERAL WATER
• LOSS OF WEIGH AND CHOLESTEROL
• MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD PRESSURE
• CALCIUM FOR BODY
• REPLACING ELECTROLYTES
• FACILITATION IN REGENERATION OF BLOOD IN BETTER WAYS
• REDUCTION IN THE RISK OF KIDNEY STONE:
• BETTER OFF SKIN
• DETOXIFY THE BODY
• OVERVIEW OF MINERAL WATER
• SCENARIO OF MINERAL WATER IN INDIA
• 1. PRICE BASED
• 2. DIFFERENTIATION BASED
• PRICE BASED MARKETING STRATEGY
• THE DIFFERENTIATION BASED STRATEGY
• 1-OFFENSIVE STRATEGY
• 2-DEFENSIVE STRATEGY
• 3-NICHE STRATEGY-
• FORMULATING THE MARKETING STRATEGY
• FORMULATING THE MARKETING STRATEGY CONSISTS OF 2 MAIN STEPS
• 1-SELECTING THE TARGET MARKET
• 2-ASSEMBLING THE MARKETING MIX-
• MINERAL WATER BUSINESS IN INDIA
• PRICE BASED
• TASTE BASED
• LOGISTIC BASED
• PACKAGE BASED
• BRAND BASED
• QUALITY BASED
• DURABILITY BASED
• STYLE & SIZE BASED
• COMPETITIVE BASED
• COST LEADERSHIP
• DIFFERENTIATION
• FOCUS STRATEGY
• LOYALTY BASED
• PRIZE BASED
• BOTTLED WATER MARKET SET TO BECOME A BILLION DOLLAR INDUSTRY
• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BRANDS OF MINERAL WATER
• MINERAL CONTENT OF COMMON BRANDS OF MINERAL WATER
• PROCESSING DETAILS OF MINERAL WATER
• TREATMENT SCHEME
• CHLORINE DOSING SYSTEM:
• RAW WATER STORAGE TANK:
• RAW WATER SUPPLY PUMP:
• PRESSURE SAND FILTER:
• ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER:
• ANTI SCALANT DOSING:
• MICRON CARTRIDGE FILTER:
• HIGH PRESSURE PUMP:
• REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM:
• FOR SAFE OPERATION OF SYSTEM FOLLOWING INSTRUMENTS 
•     ARE PROVIDE ON PANEL
• PRODUCT WATER STORAGE TANK:
• MICRON CARTRIDGE FILTER – II &III:
• ULTRA VIOLET STERILIZER:
• OZONE GENERATOR:
• OZONE RE-CIRCULATING TANK:
• NATURAL MINERAL WATER MANUFACTURING
• NATURAL MINERAL WATER MANUFACTURING PROCESS
• 1. UNDERGROUND WATER
• 2. AERATION
• 3. PRE-OZONATION
• 4. PRELIMINARY, INTERMEDIATE AND MEMBRANE FILTRATION
• 5. UV STERLIZATION
• 6. FILLING
• 7. CAPPING
• 8. PRODUCT CODING
• 9. LABELING
• 10. PACKING
• PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR MINERAL WATER
• PURIFYING AND TREATING WATER
• SEQUENCES IN WATER TREATMENT
• PRE TREATMENT
• COMMON PRETREATMENT FOR R.O.
• ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER
• PRETREATMENT FOR REVERSE OSMOSIS STREAM:
• FINE FILTRATION BY MULTI MICRON CARTRIDGES FILTER
• DESALINATION BY REVERSE OSMOSIS UNIT
• MULTISTAGE STERILIZATION
• WATER PURIFICATION PROCESS
• WATER PURIFICATION PROCESS AND DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
• DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
• TOP 10 BEST PACKED FRUIT JUICE BRANDS IN INDIA
• 10. SAFAL:
• 9. 24 MANTRA:
• 8. DEL MONTE:
• 7. MINUTE MAID:
• 6. CAPRI SUN:
• 5. B NATURAL:
• 4. CERES:
• 3. PAPER BOAT:
• 2. REAL:
• 1. TROPICANA:
• USES AND APPLICATIONS
• FRUIT JUICE BENEFITS:
• MARKET OVERVIEW OF FRUIT JUICE
• MAJOR PLAYERS
• RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
• MANUFACTURE OF RTS JUICE
• SEQUENCES IN RTS PREPARATION:-
• SUGAR SYRUP PREPARATION
• PROCESS FLOW SHEET
• PROCESS OF FRUIT JUICE
• FILTRATION
• PRESERVATION
• PROCESS FLOW SHEET
• PRODUCTION METHOD OF FRUIT BASED BEVERAGES
• PREPARATION OF RAW MATERIAL
• JUICE EXTRACTION
• FILTERING
• BATCH PREPARATION
• PASTEURIZATION
• PASTEURISATION TIMES AT 80OC FOR DIFFERENT
• THE PROS AND CONS OF PASTEURIZING WITHIN AFTER BOTTLING
• FILLING AND BOTTLING
• MANUFACTURE OF PASSION FRUIT JUICE
• RECIPE
• METHOD
• QUALITY CONTROL IN FRUIT JUICES
• PRESERVATIVES IN FRUIT JUICES AND FRUIT DRINKS
• PROPOSAL AND SCHEME OF TREATMENT
• PRETREATMENT
• REMOVAL OF BOD/COD:
• COARSE FILTRATION:
• SOFTENING:
• FINE FILTRATION:
• DESALINATION BY REVERSE OSMOSIS:
• BLENDING & BALANCING OF MINERALS:
• FINAL STERILIZATION:
• FINAL STERILIZATION AT FILLING POINT:
• PRE-TREATMENT PROCESS
• (COAGULATION OF SUSPENDED IMPURITIES AND STERLISATION 
•    [STAGE-I] BY OXIDATION)
• CHLORINATION UNIT:
• ON-LINE OXIDATION OF RAW WATER:
• BOTTLE FILLING & SEALING UNIT
• BOTTLE FILLING AND PACKING
• MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PET BOTTLES
• PRODUCTION DETAILS OF PET BOTTLE
• THESE ARE:-
• STEP-ONE "HOT PERFORM" METHOD
• ONE-STEP “HOT PERFORM” METHOD INTEGRATED MACHINE.
• STEP-TWO "COLD PERFORM" METHOD
• TWO-STEP “COLD PERFORM” METHOD, FULLY AUTOMATED MACHINE.
• DRYING AND DEHUMIDIFYING OF PET
• A HOPPER DRYER USED TO DRY PET GRANULES.
• A DEHUMIDFIER USED TO DRY PET GRANULES.
• INJECTION MOLDING OF THE PET PREFORM
• AN INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE WITH ESSENTIAL EQUIPMENT 
•     ATTACHED.
• SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF THE INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS.
• PET PREFORM MOLD
• PREFORM BEING HEATED
• TYPICAL WATER CHILLER.PET PREFORMS
• PET PREFORMS
• STRETCH BLOW MOLDING OF THE PET PREFORM TO CONTAINER
• THE OTHER TYPES OF BLOW MOLDING ARE:-
• 1. EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING
• EXTRUSION BLOW MOLDING PROCESS.
• 2. INJECTION BLOW MOLDING
• INJECTION BLOW MOLDING PROCESS.
• POSSIBLE DEFECTS WHILE PRODUCTION OF PET BOTTLES
• COMPARISON BETWEEN SINGLE STAGE AND TWO STAGE PROCESS
• POLLUTION
• PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR MANUFACTURE OF PET BOTTLES
• DETAILS OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
• SUPPLIERS OF PET BOTTLES MAKING MACHINES
• SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS FOR PET BOTTLE
• SUPPLIERS OF PET PREFORM
• ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
• CONSULTANT FOR ISI CONSULTANCY, LABORATORY SETUP SERVICES 
•     WITH WATER TESTING LABS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)