BUTTON MUSHROOM CULTIVATION & PROCESSING
[EIRI/EDPR/7069](J.C.4149)
The white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is grown on compost based on Various agricultural wastes and animal manures. The composting process is a high temperature self sustained fermentation which results in partial break down of lignin and cellulose. It fixes unstable forms of nitrogen into stable complexes, favour rapid increase in microbail population (fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes and yeasts) and eliminates harmful pathogens, compititors and pests. This process results in formation of highly selective substrate compost for the frowth of mushroom mycelium. The classic "short method of composting" by Sinden and Huuser (1953) was turning point in making compost more efficiently and in shorter duration. This is completed in 2 phase (i) out door (ii) indoor pasteurization. The research work done by various workers to understand composting process particularly that of Waksman and Lambert have been very useful. However, Some workers tried not only to understand composting but also to further shorten composting process to reduce drastic dry mater loss and to avoid release of unpleasant gasses which occurs in outdoor composting.
Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing:-
Pileus pure white to stramineous, or brown, almost naked to finely and almost to quite appressedly squamulose (finely scaly), dry (i.e. neither colour changing when water soaked, nor viscid to glutinous in the wet condition), with thick projecting margin, the latter sometimes fibrillose striate or crenate, convex, then convex with flattened centre, or becoming entirely flat in old specimens, 30 to 120 mm, rarely larger mostly 35 to 100 mm wide. Lamellae whitish, then a beautiful pink, finally concolorous with the spore print, with a temporarily pallied and usually more or less fimbriate edge, close to crowded, narrow to moderately broad, free; spore print `sepia' near mummy brown. Stipe white or whitish, annulate, not volvate, sometimes flesh-coloured at apex, slightly flocculose below annulus in some specimens, solid, in age stuffed with a cottony mass which eventually collapses and leaves the stipe fistulose hollow, equal or slightly tapering upwards, or with a slight bulb at the base, 30-120 x 10-18 mm., at base often thicker, rarely more voluminous. Basal white rhizomorphs often very distinct, of varialbe diameter. Veil
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
3. USES & APPLICATION
4. MARKET SURVEY
5. ADDRESSES FOR EXPORTERS FOR MUSHROOMS
6. RAW MATERIALS
7. NATURAL COMPOST
8. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF GROWING& PROCESSING-
OF MUSHROOMS
9. FLOW DIAGRAM OF PROCESSING OF MUSHROOM
10. PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS OF MUSHROOM
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
