DAIRY FARM (COW & BUFFALOW) TO PRODUCE MILK & PACKAGING IN POUCHES
[EIRI/EDPR/1088] J.C.: 9732
INTRODUCTION
Dairy Farming in India
It is seen at most places that a Dairy Farmer is not aware of the economics of his day to day business. This is because Dairy has been a traditional form of business, which is being carried on by generations together. The pattern particularly of the feeding & watering has been quite the same for a long time.
It is commonly seen that most of the Farmers who keep animals for Milk have very little or NO idea about the expenses (per day) invloved in raising the animals. It is interesting to note that the farmer is even unaware of the fact that the feeding cost of his animal comprises of more than 80% of the total cost of raising the animals.
Perhaps the main reason for this may be as he grows the majority of the fodder in his own land he has never bothered about its cost.
Pertaining to the feeding & drinking habits many fallacies (misconceptions) exist viz.
1. It is advisable to feed animal with wet/cooked feed.
Scientifically the feed fed to animal should be chewed (& ruminated) so that the saliva mixes with the feed. The saliva contains phosphates & bicarbonates, which help in maintaining the pH of the Rumen, which help in proper digestion of the Feed. Good digestion ensures wellbeing & the production is dependent on the same.
If the feed fed to animal is wet or cooked then chewing does not take place resulting in imbalance of the Ruminal pH which is very vital for proper digestion.
This will ultimately affect the Milk production (which will be low in this case).
2. Water requirement can be fulfilled with 2/3 times in a day.
To produce one litre of Milk it is essential to drink minimum 5 litres of water thus animal giving about 10 litres of milk daily should drink more than 50 litres of water. This requirement is only for Milk but animal also has to maintain itself as well as reproduce thus an animal giving 10 litres of milk has to consume at least 75 litres of water daily; which is just not possible by offering animal water only about 2/3 times during the day.
The animal should be giving clean water as many times as possible. If this is done then automatically increase in milk production is seen.
It should be noted that milk contains about 83-87% of water.
3. Animal should be fed continuously throughout the day.
If the animal is fed round the clock then it will not get any time to ruminate. If there is no time to ruminate then the digestion will not be proper as the feed mixing with saliva (due to rumination) will not take place. Thus the milk production will be decreased due to impaired digestion.
4. Animal gives more milk with more concentrate feed.
The animal's stomach is a complex structure containing 4 parts. Unlike simple stomach it requires more fibre for complete & balanced feeding. It has been made in such a way that animal has to consume green & dry grasses for efficient digestion & conversation into Milk. (The concentrates are being fed as the grasses in India are poor in general quality as regards CP/EE/Energy value etc). Feeding animal more concentrates will lead to decrease in salivary output upon which ruminal pH is dependent. This will lead to acidosis by which depression in milk fat will be seen. For getting more milk with better Fat% it is essential to give grasses (dry as well as green) which help proper digestion as this will result in maintenance of Ruminal pH due to continual rumination resulting in better production.
It should also be noted that giving more concentrates (more protein & energy) than required will lead into Animal spending more energy to breakdown these proteins which on the contrary should have been utilized for milk production. It is also seen that feeding more protein leads to reproductive problems.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 5000 Ltr./Day
Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) Rs. 2.33 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 51.60 Lac
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 38.93 Lac
Total Capital Investment Rs. 4.08 Cr
Rate of Return 39%
Break Even Point 39%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
1. IT IS ADVISABLE TO FEED ANIMAL WITH WET/COOKED FEED.
2. WATER REQUIREMENT CAN BE FULFILLED WITH 2/3 TIMES IN A DAY
3. ANIMAL SHOULD BE FED CONTINUOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE DAY
4. ANIMAL GIVES MORE MILK WITH MORE CONCENTRATE FEED
5. THE ANIMAL'S MINERAL REQUIREMENT IS MET TOTALLY THROUGH THE FEED & FODDER
6. NATURAL SERVICE IS BETTER THAN ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
7. ANIMAL SHOULD FED ONLY GRASS DURING THE DRY PERIOD
INDIAN STANDARDS
2. THE HEAT-TREATMENT FOR THE VARIOUS DESIGNATED MILKS SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS:
COMPOSITION OF MILK
(1) THE AVERAGE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF DIFFERENT SPECIES IS GIVEN IN TABLE 1.10
TABLE 1.10: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
TABLE 1.11: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF INDIAN BREEDS
TABLE 1.12: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF FOREIGN BREEDS OF COW
THE DETAILED COMPOSITION OF MILK IS GIVEN IN TABLE 1.13
INORGANIC AND ORGANIC IONS AND SALTS
WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK
TABLE 1.15: BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF RAW MILK
PROPERTIES OF MILK
TABLE: QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR MILK AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
CATTLE FEED
IN GENERAL PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING COPOSITION IS FOLLOWED FOR CATTLE FEED
SOME MORE FORMULATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:-
CATTLE DESEASE AND TREATMENT
1. ACETONAEMIA: -
2. AMOHISTOMIASIS:
3. ANAPLASMOSIS: -
5. BABESIOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS TICK FEVER.
6. BLACK-QUARTER:-
7. BRONCHITIE: -
8. BRUCELLOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS CENTAGIOUS ABORTION.
9. DIAGNOSIS:- BASED ON BACTERIOLOGIC EXAMINATION.
10. DIARRHOES:-
12. FASCIOLIASIS: ALSO KNOWN AS LIVER FLUKE DISEASE.
13. HAEMORRHAGIE SEPTICAEMIA (H.S.):-
14. ANTIBIOTICS:
MARKET SURVEY
THE INDIAN DAIRY FARM
EMERGING NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA
NEW PRODUCTS AND PROCESSING
MILK PRODUCTION, 2004-2010
DAIRY FARM:
SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES
CATTLE FEED MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS
STOCKISTS & DISTRIBUTION OF VETERINARY MEDICINES
USE OF MILK
BUFFALO MILK VS. COW MILK
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
THE DETAILED PROCESS IS GIVEN HERE WITH:-
MILKING COWS BY HAND
COOLING & STORING MILK
FILTRATION:
STANDARDIZATION
HOMOGENIZATION:
CLARIFICATION:
PASTEURIZATION:-
REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING SYSTEM
TESTING:-
PACKING:-
MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF PASTEURIZED MILK
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
ENHANCED MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY CATTLE
EXAMPLE 1
PREPARATION OF SILAGE FROM A BROWN MIDRIB HYBRID
EXAMPLE 2
FORMULATION OF A DAIRY CATTLE FEED RATION
EXAMPLE 3
MILK PRODUCTION USING BMR SILAGE IN A DAIRY CATTLE RATION
TABLE 5
INSTRUCTIONS FOR BODY CONDITION SCORING
SCORE DEFINITION
EXAMPLE 4
DEVELOPMENT OF BM HYBRIDS
EXAMPLE 5
FORMULATION OF A DAIRY CATTLE FEED RATION
EXAMPLE 6
MILK PRODUCTION USING BMR SILAGE IN A DAIRY CATTLE RATION
EXAMPLE 7
MILK PRODUCTION USING A BMR SILAGE RATION AND BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN
METHOD FOR INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING DAIRY CATTLE
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1
RESULTS
EFFECT OF CAP-SHURE CHOLINE CHLORIDE ON MILK PRODUCTION FOR COWS PROVIDED 21 DAYS PRIOR TO CALVING AND TO FRESH COWS
METHOD OF AUTOMATICALLY MILKING A DAIRY ANIMAL
MILK MEASUREMENT AND MILK COLLECTION
MILKING APPARATUS
PROCESS FOR SEPARATION OF RAW MILK INTO CREAM AND SKIM MILK WHICH IS PASTEURIZED
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CONDENSED MILK
DAIRY CONSULTANTS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
BOILERS
COMPLETE PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS
DAIRY PROCESSING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF POUCHES POUCHES FILLING & SEALING MACHINES
FORM FILL & SEAL PACKAGING MACHINES
MILKING MACHINES
PLANT LAYOUT
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)