FLAT PVC LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS & TOUGHENED GLASS
[EIRI/EDPR/1102] J.C.: 9746
INTRODUCTION
A laminate is an orderly layering and bonding of relatively thin materials. A commonly laminated material is glass. Usually, two pieces of float or sheet glass are bonded with poly (vinyl butyral) (PVB) (see Vinyl polymers, poly(vinyl acetals) to produce a highly transparent safety glass, eg, an automotive windshield. This combining of transparent abrasion-resistant glass and resilient plastic achieves the durability and safety demand of such products. Other materials that may be incorporated in laminated glass are colorants, electrically conducting films or wires and rigid plastics. The value of the laminate is the utilization of the desirable properties from each of the constituents. In the case of laminated glass, the excellent weathering properties of the glass protect the impact-energy-absorbing plastic interlayer from deterioration abrasion and soiling.
Benedictus, a French chemist who accidentally broke a flask that contained dried-on cellulose nitrate, is credited with founding the laminated-glass industry. The first patent was issued in 1906.
Laminated glass is not a true composite material. The glass needs the safety-net effect of the interlayer if impacted and the interlayer needs the durability and rigidity of the glass for useful service other than during impacts. Exceptions where laminated glass more truly fits the definition of a composite are when it is used for noise attenuation (see Insulation, acoustic) or bullet resistance. In these applications, the alternate layering of rigid and soft materials achieves results beyond those produced by either alone.
COST ESTIMATION
Plant Capacity 3,30,000 sq.ft/Day
Land & Building (5000 sq.mt.) Rs. 5.79 Cr
Plant & Machinery Rs. 7.17 Cr
Working Capital for 1 Month Rs. 50.58 Cr
Total Capital Investment Rs. 65.28 Cr
Rate of Return 88%
Break Even Point 20%
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF GLASS CHEMICALS FOR TOUGHENED GLASS
THE COMPOSITION OF GLASS:
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
RAW MATERIALS USED FOR GLASS MAKING
USES AND APPLICATION
B. I. S. SPECIFICATION
FOR SAFETY GLASS & TOUGHENED GLASS:
MARKET POSITION WITH FUTURE DEMAND
(A) FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS:
TABLE: PRODUCTION OF LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
CHILLER
COMPRESSOR
AUTOCLAVE PRESS
SUPPLIER OF RAW MATERIALS
NITRO CELLULOSE
TOUGHENED GLASS
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS
OTHER PROCESSES:-
SPECIAL LAMINATED WINDSHIELDS:-
INTERLAYER FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS:-
EXAMPLE 1:-
EXAMPLE 2:-
SAFETY LAMINATION:-
FORMULATION
FORMULATION:
THEN THE FOLLOWING ADDITIONAL INGREDIENTS ARE ADDED:
FORMULATION:
FLOW SHEET
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PVC LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS
EXAMPLE 1
A FILM 0.5 MM THICK MADE:
EXAMPLE 2
A FILM 0.5 MM THICK, MADE
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 5
EXAMPLE 6
EXAMPLE 7
EXAMPLE 8
EXAMPLE 9
EXAMPLE 10
EXAMPLE 11
EXAMPLE 12
EXAMPLE 13
EXAMPLE 14
EXAMPLE 15
POLYVINYL BUTYRAL COMPOSITE INTERLAYER FOR LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS
BULLETPROOF LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 5
EXAMPLE 6
EXAMPLE 7
EXAMPLE 8
EXAMPLE 9
EXAMPLE 10
EXAMPLE 11
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING LAMINATED SAFETY GLASS
FIRST PROCESS:
SECOND PROCESS:
EXAMPLE 1:
EXAMPLE 2:
EXAMPLE 3:
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1:
EXAMPLE 4:
VISIBLE RADIATION PERMEABILITY:
HAZE:
PENETRATION RESISTANCE:
ADHESION:
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FIRE-RESISTANT SAFETY GLASS
METHOD OF PRODUCING TOUGHENED GLASS
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TOUGHENING GLASS
THERMALLY TOUGHENING GLASS
EXAMPLE 3
EXAMPLE 4
EXAMPLE 5
EXAMPLE 6
EXAMPLE 7
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)