Punjab is in the northwest and is bordered to the east by Himachal Pradesh, southeast and south by Haryana, to the west is the Pakistani province of Punjab, and to the southwest is Rajasthan. The north is bounded by Jammu and Kashmir the Indian state.
The term Punjab represents the combination of two words: "Punj" denotes five and "ab" is water, thus it represents ‘the land of five rivers.’ Historically, this region has been the Indian Subcontinent gateway for most foreign invaders.
Agriculture in Punjab is the largest industry. The other major industries are the manufacturing of agricultural goods, scientific instruments, electrical goods, machine tools, sports goods, fertilizers, financial services, textiles, sewing machines, bicycles, starch, tourism, garments, and sugar and pine oil processing. Punjab has steel rolling mill plants the largest number in India, and they are in Mandi Gobindgarh, located in "Steel Town", which is the Fatehgarh Sahib district.
The Beas and Sutlej are within Punjab’s territory, and Ravi flows along its western border. It covers an area of 19,445 square miles. Though agriculture is the main for the economy, other industries are adding to the state revenue.
Punjab has shown considerable economic progress after Independence. The contribution of food grains is nearly two-thirds of food grain's total production and milk production is one-third in the country. The Green revolution initiative is taken by the people seriously in this state and now their per capita is twice the national average.
Punjab has the best infrastructure; and it includes rail, road, air, and river transport extensive throughout the region. This state has the lowest poverty rate and has won the performance award.
The manufacturing sector has notably expanded in the 20th century, especially construction. The industries producing wool, silk or other textiles, machinery and metal products, beverages and processed foods, furniture, and transport equipment, employ workers in large numbers. Thus the number of employed hands is increasing in numbers and the manufacturers include chemicals, leather goods, plastics, rubber, and hosiery.
Punjab is not sufficient to draw energy, it lacks fossil fuels. It draws energy from thermal plants using imported coal. The power is significant and the hydroelectric plants provide them to some extent using solar power stations.
Punjab's major industries comprise tractors, food processing, agro-based parts, auto components, sports goods, bicycle parts and bicycles, alloys and metal, light engineering goods, IT, textiles, chemical products, and Pharmaceuticals.
The state uses a 4.2mn cultivable area in total constituting the near are as 3% sown. Punjab has the highest milk availability and is the 3rd largest rice and wheat producer in India. It contributes 10% and 16% respectively to the grain central pool. This state is also exceptional in producing hand tools, machines, and bicycle components, besides woolen and hosiery manufacturing. It ranks 2nd in a majority of the basic amenities such as clean drinking water, clean energy, perfect nutrition, sanitation, and digital access and housing.
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